Osteoblast Viability of Liquid Smoke Rice Hull and Nanoparticles Form as Periodontitis Treatment

Abstract

Objective Rice husk liquid smoke nanoparticles have the potential to be developed as a drug because they have anti-inflammatory effects that can modulate the process of osteoblast stimulation through osteoblast stimulation by thorough small size and enter cells easily. The osteoblast is the key of alveolar regeneration in periodontitis treatment. This present study analyzed the differences of liquid smoke rice husk and nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk on osteoblast viability as periodontitis treatment Materials and Methods The liquid smoke rice husk was obtained from the pyrolysis process. The nanoparticles were made with chitosan, maltodextrin, and difference of concentration of liquid smoke rice husk (such as 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 17.5%). The viability of osteoblast was analyzed by 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using independent t-test to analyze the differences between liquid smoke rice husk and nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk, the significant was set a p<0.05. Result The nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk showed higher osteoblast viability compared liquid smoke rice husk. The nanoparticles' concentration of 5, 7.5, and 10% showed higher osteoblast viability compared liquid smoke rice husk (p = 0.002, 0.000, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk showed higher viability of osteoblast. This confirmed that the nanoparticles were able to reduce the toxicity in the higher concentration of liquid smoke of rice husk.

6-Octadecenoic and Oleic Acid in Liquid Smoke Rice Husk Showed COVID-19 Inhibitor Properties

“…Te LSRH possessed antidiabetic activity which was shown by controlling fasting blood glucose, maintaining the lipid level, preventing pancreas cell destruction, and producing radical and various proinfammatory cytokines [16][17][18]. Te antibacterial activity inhibited the Porphyromonas gingivalis as an aetiology of periodontitis [7], stimulated the proliferation of osteoblast [42], inhibited the interleukin-1 ® (IL-1 ® ), and stimulated nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) [43]. In mucosal disease, the LSRH stimulated various growth factors such as fbroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β) [20].…”

Nanoparticle‐Based Rice Husk Liquid Smoke as Periodontitis Therapy through OPG, RANK, and RANKL Expression

“…Nanoparticle or nanoencapsulation technology for liquid smoke has been employed for its original purpose, which is as a food preservative [ 24 , 25 ], as well as for its antimicrobial properties in food [ 26 ], and antioxidant potential [ 27 ]. In terms of therapeutic effects, rice husk liquid smoke has been successfully transformed into n -RHLS, demonstrating antibacterial activity against bacteria implicated in periodontitis [ 17 ] and the ability to stimulate osteoblast formation [ 13 ].…”

“…These properties can promote osteogenesis and facilitate the absorption of proteins essential for neomatrix formation, thereby supporting cell attachment and proliferation [ 12 ]. Liquid smoke derived from rice husk shows promise as a candidate for drug development due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which can modulate osteogenesis [ 13 ] by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines [ 14 , 15 ]. When formulated as nanoparticles, substances with smaller sizes allow for efficient cellular uptake [ 16 ].…”

“…The preceding investigation revealed that the n-RHLS possesses an average particle size of approximately 33 nm. These nanoparticles demonstrated a notable stimulatory effect on osteoblast proliferation [ 13 ] and concurrently exhibited inhibitory properties against Porphyromonas gingivalis , a bacterium implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis [ 17 ]. Given these promising outcomes, there is a compelling rationale to advance the investigation to an in vivo model.…”

“…These markers are crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying bone loss and tissue destruction, evaluating disease severity, assessing treatment outcomes, and exploring potential therapeutic interventions to restore periodontal tissue health [ 19 ]. Previous studies have shown that liquid smoke from rice husk has the potential to inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis [ 14 , 20 ], maintain the viability of osteoblasts [ 13 ], and suppress proinflammatory cytokines in periodontitis [ 15 ]. In nanoparticle form, it will be more effective for Porphyromonas gingivalis and decrease the inflammatory response and the RANKL expression.…”