OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN THE DISTAL FEMURS OF AN ADULT RETICULATED GIRAFFE (<i>GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS RETICULATA</i>): MACROSCOPIC, RADIOLOGIC, AND HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Basu, Christopher; Stoll, Alexander; Dixon, Jonathon; Molenaar, Fieke M.; Flach, Edmund; Smith, Ken

doi:10.1638/2015-0076.1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hoof overgrowth and chronic lameness are well-described health concerns for zoo giraffe [ 1 – 4 ]. Causes of lameness appear to be multifactorial, and include diseases of the hoof [ 5 – 7 ], soft tissues [ 8 , 9 ], joints [ 10 – 14 ], and bones [ 15 – 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot shape and radiographs of free-ranging Nubian giraffe in Uganda

Dadone

Foxworth²,

Aruho

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Foot health in zoo giraffe has been a topic of recent research, although little is known about the foot health of free-ranging giraffe. This study describes the foot shape and radiographic pathological changes in 27 young adult Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) from a translocation in Uganda (August 2017). Giraffe feet were observed to have a concave sole, the hoof wall was longest by the toe tip, and the weight-bearing surface of the foot was primarily along the periphery of the foot including hoof wall, parts of the heel, and the edge of the sole. Radiographs showed that pedal osteitis and sesamoid bone cysts were relatively uncommon (3/24 giraffe with osteitis, 1/24 giraffe with sesamoid cysts), and that no giraffe in the study had P3 joint osteoarthritis, P3 rotation, or P3 fractures. Radiographs consistently demonstrated a positive palmar/plantar angle with the sole of the hoof thicker at the heel than by the toe tip, with the non weight-bearing palmar/plantar angle measuring 1.6°- 4.3°. This is the first systematic review of foot shape and radiographs in free-ranging giraffe and demonstrates a low prevalence of foot pathologies. This study suggests qualitative differences in foot shape, foot health, radiographic anatomy, and foot pathologies when comparing free-ranging and zoo giraffe. Further research is needed to identify why these differences occur and whether husbandry modifications could help improve zoo giraffe foot health and prevent associated lameness.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot shape and radiographs of free-ranging Nubian giraffe in Uganda

Dadone

Foxworth²,

Aruho

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To the best of our knowledge, osseous cyst-like in both medial femoral condyles [ 21 ], embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma [ 22 ], subependymal glioneuronal hamartoma in the mesencephalic aqueduct [ 23 ], pelvic chondrosarcoma [ 24 ], skin papillomas [ 25 ], teratoma of the umbilical cord [ 26 ], and giant verrucous carcinoma [ 27 ] have been reported in giraffes. This is the first report of congenital goiter with areas of SRC differentiation in a giraffe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital goiter with areas of signet ring cell differentiation in a juvenile giraffe: a very rare entity

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Congenital goiter is a common thyroid metabolic disorder characterized by low levels of thyroid hormone, subsequent secretion of excess thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland, and compensatory hyperplasia of the glands. The presence of signet ring cells (SRCs) does not provide sufficient evidence for the diagnosis of a thyroid tumor, making histopathological diagnosis challenging. In addition, SRCs can also appear in congenital goiter. Therefore, a comprehensive diagnosis of congenital goiter is warranted based on clinical symptoms, autopsy, histopathology, and laboratory examination. Case presentation A juvenile giraffe at the Ordos Zoo in Ordos presented with symptoms of loss of appetite, serious salivation, and slow growth rate since birth. Its height and weight were significantly lower than those of other giraffes of the same age. The animal ultimately died at 17 months of age. Autopsy revelaed that the thyroids were hard, with an uneven surface and with the presence of many small raised follicles, and dense in cross-section. Other organs were visibly atrophic. Histopathologically, diffuse follicles were irregular in size and shape in the hyperplastic goiter. Some follicles were collapsed due to lack of colloids. The follicles were lined by single or multiple layers of hyperplastic follicular cells (HFCs), some of which were exfoliated in the lumen. The HFCs were either cuboidal with eosinophilic cytoplasm and many red small granules or showed SRC differentiation, with nuclei pressed to one edge of the cell and distorted by cytoplasmic mucin that appeared as a single clear vacuole HFCs and as a foamy, multivesicular cytoplasmic material in others. Scattered necrosis of myocardial cells and hepatocytes, cerebral hemorrhage, necrosis of intestinal villi, and obvious atrophy of organs were also observed. Immunohistochemical tests were strongly positive for thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in the cytoplasm of HFCs. Conclusions Here we present a case of congenital goiter with areas of SRC differentiation in the thyroid of a juvenile giraffe.

show abstract

Lameness Diagnosis and Management in Zoo Giraffe

Dadone¹

2019

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Volume 9

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN THE DISTAL FEMURS OF AN ADULT RETICULATED GIRAFFE (GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS RETICULATA): MACROSCOPIC, RADIOLOGIC, AND HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Foot shape and radiographs of free-ranging Nubian giraffe in Uganda

Foot shape and radiographs of free-ranging Nubian giraffe in Uganda

Congenital goiter with areas of signet ring cell differentiation in a juvenile giraffe: a very rare entity

Lameness Diagnosis and Management in Zoo Giraffe

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About