Osteocondrosis en el toro de lidia y evaluación de su efecto sobre la movilidad del animal

Abstract

RESUMENLa osteocondrosis es un proceso degenerativo de las superficies articulares. Es una enfermedad descrita ampliamente en el caballo, con escasas referencias bibliográficas en bovino y prácticamente inexistentes en la raza de lidia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue informar sobre la prevalencia de osteocondrosis en toros y novillos, estudiar sus posibles causas y analizar la repercusión de esta patología en la movilidad del animal durante la lidia. Para ello se han estudiado 120 animales de la raza bovina de lidia, de 3, 4 y 5 años, lidiados en diferentes plazas de toros. Durante el faenado de las reses posterior a la lidia se realizó un estudio macroscópico de las articulaciones carpo-metacarpianas, estudiándose la presencia de lesión en las caras articulares implicadas y su grado de gravedad. Paralelamente se grabó la lidia de cada animal para el análisis de su movilidad y evaluación del síndrome de caída. Los resultados reflejan una lesión del cartílago articular en mayor o menor grado en aproximadamente el 80 % de los animales estudiados, apareciendo en el 63 % de los casos sobre la cara medial de la articulación y mayoritariamente de forma bilateral. Se observa una influencia negativa en la tasa de caídas manifestadas por el toro durante la lidia, lo que hace necesario nuevas investigaciones y estudios dirigidos a determinar sus posibles causas: factores genéticos, nutricionales y los inadecuados protocolos de entrenamiento entre otras. PALABRAS CLAVE: Toro, Lidia, Caída, Osteocondrosis. ABSTRACTOsteochondrosis is a degenerative process of the joint surfaces. It is a disease of animal development widely described in the horse, with few references in cattle and virtually non-existent in the fighting bulls. The aim of this study was to record the prevalence of osteochondrosis in bulls and steers considering their possible causes and analysing the impact of this disease on the mobility of the animal during the fight. One hundred and twenty (120) fighting bulls, 3, 4 and 5 yr old fought at different bullrings were studied. During the dressing of cattle after fighting a macroscopic study of the carpal-metacarpal joint was performed, for studying the presence of injury in the joint faces involved and their severity. Alongside the fight, each animal was video recorded in order to analyse his mobility and evaluation of the falling syndrome. The results reflect articular cartilage damage in varying degrees in about 80 % of the animals studied, appearing in 63 % of cases on the medial aspect of the joint and mostly bilaterally. A negative influence was observed in the rate of falls expressed by the bull during the fight, and further research will be recommended and studies aimed at determining possible causes: nutritional alterations and inadequate training protocols.

Quality of Death in Fighting Bulls during Bullfights: Neurobiology and Physiological Responses

“…From Gomariz et al [12] In addition to the injuries visible at first sight during a bullfight, there are conditions in fighting bulls that could exacerbate muscular and skeletal damage. The study of 120 fighting bulls by Lomillos-Pérez and Alonso de la Varga [86] detected the presence of osteochondrosis in over 70% of the animals evaluated, bilaterally in 78.3% of them. Various authors identify osteochondrosis as an element that predisposes fighting bulls to develop the so-called "falling syndrome" [87,88], an affliction characterized by loss of equilibrium and transitory falling that has also been associated with damage to muscle cells [12].…”