Osteocyte morphology in human tibiae of different bone pathologies with different bone mineral density — Is there a role for mechanosensing?

Hove, Ruud P. van; Nolte, Peter A.; Vatsa, A.; Semeins, Cornelis M.; Salmon, Philip L.; Smit, Theo H.; Klein‐Nulend, Jenneke

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2009.04.238

Cited by 139 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…OPN and CD44 expression approximately doubled in MLO-Y4 cells, while in MC3T3-E1 with different bone mineral densities (BMD). It is believed that the morphological diff erences may refl ect diff erences in mechanosensitivity and the adaptation to different external loading conditions (van Hove et al, 2009). In this study, fl uid fl ow stimulation only increased the cell area of MLO-Y4 cells and not that of MC3T3-E1 cells, despite the fact that the size of MC3T3-E1 cells is larger than that of the MLO-Y4 cells and hence has a larger cell membrane area exposed to shear fl ow.…”

Section: Integrin-associated Molecules Expression At Mrna Levelmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Under diff erent external mechanical conditions, bone cells exhibit diff erent cell morphologies (van Hove et al, 2009;Vatsa et al, 2008), which in turn determines cell function. Aviral Vatsa et al have reported the signifi cant diff erences in the 3D morphology of single osteocyte in fi bulae and calvariae bones of adult mice, which is likely to be an adaptation to the diff erence in physiological mechanical loading patterns in these bones (Vatsa et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oscillatory fluid flow elicits changes in morphology, cytoskeleton and integrin-associated molecules in MLO-Y4 cells, but not in MC3T3-E1 cells

Zhang

et al. 2012

Biol. Res.

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Interstitial fl uid fl ow stress is one of the most important mechanical stimulations of bone cells under physiological conditions. Osteocytes and osteoblasts act as primary mechanosensors within bones, and in vitro are able to respond to fl uid shear stress, both morphologically and functionally. However, there is little information about the response of integrin-associated molecules using both osteoblasts and osteocytes. In this study, we investigated the changes in response to 2 hours of oscillatory fl uid fl ow stress in the MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cell line and the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cell line. MLO-Y4 cells exhibited a signifi cant increase in the expression of integrin-associated molecules, including OPN, CD44, vinculin and integrin αvβ3. However, there was no or limited increase observed in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. Cell area and fi ber stress formation were also markedly promoted by fl uid fl ow only in MLO-Y4 cells. But the numbers of processes per cell remain unaff ected in both cell lines.

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Section: Integrin-associated Molecules Expression At Mrna Levelmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillatory fluid flow elicits changes in morphology, cytoskeleton and integrin-associated molecules in MLO-Y4 cells, but not in MC3T3-E1 cells

Zhang

et al. 2012

Biol. Res.

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“…The osteocyte is thus perceived as being at the center of bone remodeling by coordinating both osteoblast activity and osteoclast resorption, but also as the initiator of the bone remodeling processes by locally sensing bone matrix deformation (i.e., cracked zones or overused areas). In that way, significant differences in osteocyte tridimensional morphologies and lacunae have been recently reported in human cortical bone from different pathologies with various bone mineral density (osteoarthritis, osteopenia, and osteopetrosis) [141], assuming that osteocytes may acquire phenotypical and adaptative differences according to various external mechanical strains. Furthermore, the osteocyte apoptosis has been recently reported as being insufficient for repair of micro-damage without physiological loading stimulation [142].…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Osteocyte: the unrecognized side of bone tissue

2010

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The mechanical information transmitted into the cytoplasm also triggers a biological cascade, starting with NO and PGE(2) and followed by Wnt/beta catenin signaling. This information is transmitted to the bone surface through the canalicular network, particularly to the lining cells, and is able to trigger bone remodeling by directing the osteoblast activity and the osteoclastic resorption. Furthermore, the osteocyte death seems to play also an important role. The outcome of micro-cracks in the vicinity of osteocytes may interrupt the canalicular network and trigger cell apoptosis in the immediate surrounding environment. This apoptosis appears to transmit a message to the bone surface and activate remodeling. The osteocyte network also plays a recognized endocrine role, particularly concerning phosphate regulation and vitamin D metabolism. Both the suppression of estrogen following menopause and chronic use of systemic glucocorticoids induce osteocyte apoptosis. On the other hand, physical activity has a positive impact in the reduction of apoptosis. In addition, some osteocyte molecular elements like sclerostin, connexin 43, E11/gp38, and DKK1 are emerging as promising targets for the treatment of various osteo-articular pathologies.

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“…Use for fine structure imaging of the osseous [28,45], renal [46,47], and dental [48] anatomy and pathophysiology as well as scaffold imaging [29] are examples for the potential of this radiological technique and expected uses in coming years. …”

Section: Future Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The improved detection of details demonstrated for nano-CT makes it possible to address issues that could not be or could only be insufficiently examined under the previous device-specific resolution limits in computed tomography. The visualization of soft cellular lacunae in calcified tissues [17,28] provides information that characterizes the interaction between cells and an extracellular matrix in the three-dimensional space. In addition, it shows the necessity for the development and researching of new contrast agents that allow differentiation of cells and the extracellular matrix in soft tissue, i. e., in the low contrast range [29].…”

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confidence: 99%