Osteodystrophic diseases of sheep

Nisbet, D.I.; Butler, E.J.; Bannatyne, CC; Robertson, J.M.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(62)80030-7

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…48,109,139,156 In addition, postmortem examination may reveal irregular thickening of the physeal cartilage, erosion of articular cartilage due to collapse of subchondral bone, and spontaneous fractures. 60,150,197 Enlargement of costochondral junctions, the so-called rachitic rosary, is also a classic lesion of rickets that may be seen on radiographic or postmortem examination. 60,139 Impaired provisional calcification of cartilage at sites of endochondral ossification leads to the accumulation of hypertrophic chondrocytes, resulting in thickened and irregular growth plates with islands and tongues of chondrocytes extending into the metaphyses.…”

Section: Pathology Of Ricketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…74 Naturally occurring rickets is also uncommon in sheep in the United Kingdom, 16,55,142,150 but outbreaks associated with high latitude, low sunshine hours, and poor-quality pasture low in phosphorus have occurred in Scotland. 16,150 In Ireland, rickets has occurred in sheep fed oats in winter months and, in northern England, in sheep grazing lush ryegrass swards over winter, most likely because of the rachitogenic effect of carotenes. 37,142 Clinical signs of rickets in sheep include stiff gait, lameness, enlarged joints (particularly, the radiocarpal), bowed or bent legs, and loss of condition or poor weight gain.…”

Section: Sheep and Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37,142 Clinical signs of rickets in sheep include stiff gait, lameness, enlarged joints (particularly, the radiocarpal), bowed or bent legs, and loss of condition or poor weight gain. 16,37,48,56,60,150,210 Rickets is most commonly seen in recently weaned animals because of the rapid growth at this age and their dependence on pasture or crops. 16,150 Sheep have a seasonal trough in serum 25(OH)D concentrations in late winter, owing to fleece cover and reduced exposure to ultraviolet light.…”

Section: Sheep and Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,37,48,56,60,150,210 Rickets is most commonly seen in recently weaned animals because of the rapid growth at this age and their dependence on pasture or crops. 16,150 Sheep have a seasonal trough in serum 25(OH)D concentrations in late winter, owing to fleece cover and reduced exposure to ultraviolet light. 184 This is exacerbated by the demands of pregnancy.…”

Section: Sheep and Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Vitamin D Metabolism and Rickets in Domestic Animals

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rickets and osteomalacia are increasing in prevalence in people because of cultural practices, breast-feeding, decreased sun exposure, and increased sunscreen usage. Several hereditary forms of rickets owing to either renal phosphate wasting or defects in vitamin D metabolism are also reported in people. Rickets is well recognized in domestic animals, but published reports are not always supported by microscopic findings, and diagnoses based on clinical signs and radiology are unreliable. Most cases in domestic animals are caused by dietary deficiency of either vitamin D or phosphorus, but occasional inherited forms are reported in pigs, sheep, cats, and dogs. There is variation between species in susceptibility to dietary vitamin D and phosphorus deficiency and in the ability to manufacture vitamin D in their skin. A number of mouse models have been discovered or created to study human skeletal diseases and skeletal homeostasis. With the discovery that vitamin D is involved in not only calcium and phosphorus homeostasis but also in the immune system and cancer, there is great potential for new and existing animal models to generate valuable information about vitamin D and its many functions. This review presents an overview of vitamin D metabolism and rickets in domestic and laboratory animals and makes comparisons where appropriate with the disease in humans. Keywords bone, rickets, vitamin D, phosphorus, genetic diseasesRickets is a classic metabolic bone disease of humans and animals, first described in the first and second centuries. 158,165 With the discovery that vitamin D could prevent rickets, the prevalence of this disease in developed countries plummeted; however, it still occurs. In fact, the prevalence of rickets and vitamin D insufficiency is increasing in people of all ages in the developed world, due in part to decreased sunlight exposure and widespread sunscreen usage. 88 The disease is well recognized in animals, but published reports are uncommon and sometimes confusing.The pathogenesis of rickets involves impaired mineralization of physeal and epiphyseal cartilage during endochondral ossification and of newly formed osteoid. Most cases in domestic animals are caused by dietary deficiency of either vitamin D or phosphorus, but occasional inherited forms are reported. 109,200 Osteomalacia is caused by a failure of newly formed osteoid to mineralize, but it occurs in adults after closure of growth plates. 109In this article, we review vitamin D metabolism and rickets, with reference to the disease in domestic animals but presenting comparison with the disease in humans where appropriate. Biology of Vitamin D Activation of Vitamin DVitamin D is available from two sources: isomerization of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in the skin to vitamin D 3 following exposure to ultraviolet light or from ingestion of vitamin D 2 or D 3 in the diet. Only a few foods, including cod liver oil and fatty fish such as salmon and sardines, naturally contain high concentrations of vitamin D 3 .49 Vitamin D 2 i...

show abstract

Section: Pathology Of Ricketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sheep and Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sheep and Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sheep and Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Vitamin D Metabolism and Rickets in Domestic Animals

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although cases of rickets have been documented in weaned lambs with evidence of vitamin D deficiency in Scotland (Nisbet and others 1966, Bonniwell and others 1988), analysis of veterinary investigation diagnosis analysis ( vida ) data for England and Wales found no confirmed cases of rickets in sheep for the period 1998 to 2006.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%