Osteogenic activity of titanium surfaces with hierarchical micro/nano-structures obtained by hydrofluoric acid treatment

Abstract

An easier method for constructing the hierarchical micro-/nano-structures on the surface of dental implants in the clinic is needed. In this study, three different titanium surfaces with microscale grooves (width 0.5–1, 1–1.5, and 1.5–2 μm) and nanoscale nanoparticles (diameter 20–30, 30–50, and 50–100 nm, respectively) were obtained by treatment with different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and at different etching times (1%, 3 min; 0.5%, 12 min; and 1.5%, 12 min, respectively; denoted as groups HF1, HF2, and HF3). The biological response to the three different titanium surfaces was evaluated by in vitro human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMMSC) experiments and in vivo animal experiments. The results showed that cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization of hBMMSCs were increased in the HF3 group. After the different surface implants were inserted into the distal femurs of 40 rats, the bone–implant contact in groups HF1, HF2, and HF3 was 33.17%±2.2%, 33.82%±3.42%, and 41.04%±3.08%, respectively. Moreover, the maximal pullout force in groups HF1, HF2, and HF3 was 57.92±2.88, 57.83±4.09, and 67.44±6.14 N, respectively. The results showed that group HF3 with large micron grooves (1.5–2.0 μm) and large nanoparticles (50–100 nm) showed the best bio-functionality for the hBMMSC response and osseointegration in animal experiments compared with other groups.

Effects of micro/nano strontium‐loaded surface implants on osseointegration in ovariectomized sheep

“…Thus, micro/nano roughness and Sr loading may work synergistically to improve bone microarchitecture and the biological response of host bone, to enhance implant osseointegration of patients with osteoporosis. Our result was in accordance with previously published results about the role of roughness and Sr on the implant surface …”

“…Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that is characterized by the deterioration of bone microarchitecture and the poor biological response of host bone. 21 25,26 The following reasons may contribute to the above results in our study. In terms of the MT surface, first, it can improve bone microarchitecture by increasing the contact surface area between the bone and the implant, thereby increasing biomechanical interlocking.…”

Role of Hedgehog–Gli1 signaling in the enhanced proliferation and differentiation of MG63 cells enabled by hierarchical micro-/nanotextured topography

“…[33][34][35] Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that the addition of nanotextured topography to the microstructured surface can effectively maintain and enhance the osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition, as it can better imitate the hierarchical structure of bone tissues. [3][4][5]36,37 Consistent with these previous studies, our results showed that the MG63 cells seeded onto MNTs exhibited a significantly enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation compared to smooth and microstructured surfaces. Immunofluorescent images of MG63 cells on the MNTs showed the formation of numerous filopodia, lamellipodia, and cellular extensions compared to those of cells grown on the smooth control surface.…”

Micro/Nano Structural Tantalum Coating for Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells

“…Recently, nano structuring modification has been used to induce fast osteointegration [ 24 ]. Nano-porous surface can effectively regulate the growth and orientation of cells from the biomechanical perspective, which is beneficial for the cytoskeleton alignment and rearrangement [ 25 , 26 ]. Moreover, from the physical perspective, nano-porous structure closely resembles the natural extracellular matrix [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”