Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Potential of Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Do They Hold the Key to the Future?

Abstract

The periosteum, with its outer fibrous and inner cambium layer, lies in a dynamic environment with a niche of pluripotent stem cells for their reparative needs. The inner cambium layer is rich in mesenchymal progenitors, osteogenic progenitors, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts in a scant collagen matrix environment. Their role in union and remodeling of fracture is well known. However, the periosteum as a source of mesenchymal stem cells has not been explored in detail. Moreover, with the continuous expansion of techniques, newer insights have been acquired into the roles and regulation of these periosteal cells. From a therapeutic standpoint, the periosteum as a source of tissue engineering has gained much attraction. Apart from its role in bone repair, analysis of the bone-forming potential of periosteum-derived stem cells is lacking. Hence, this article elucidates the role of the periosteum as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells along with their capacity for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation for therapeutic application in the future.

Strategies to Convert Cells into Hyaline Cartilage: Magic Spells for Adult Stem Cells

“…The periosteum is the new sheath of flattened, elongated cells surrounding the bone region. The perichondrium and periosteum are reported to have similar morphology, composed of two layers, the outer fibroblastic layer and the inner cambial layer, containing a niche of pluripotent stem cells with both chondrogenic and osteogenic capabilities of differentiation [ 136 , 137 ]. The collagen fiber orientation in the perichondrium and periosteum concurs with the assessed directions of tissue growth [ 138 ].…”

Osteosarcoma parosteal con componentes de condrosarcoma y liposarcoma de bajo grado. Una variante histológica poco frecuente. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

“…The presence of the lipomatous and cartilaginous components in parosteal osteosarcomas could be explained by the fact that periosteum contains mesenchymal stem cells with proliferative capacity that have osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic potential, so called tripotency. 9,10,11 This proliferative capacity allows periosteal cells to differentiate into adipose tissue, cartilage tissue or bone tissue.…”

Bi‐allelic mutation in SEC16B alters collagen trafficking and increases ER stress

“…The observed highly mineralized cartilage within the trabeculae might be residual growth plate cartilage, which one would not expect in the ilium of a healthy 10‐year‐old child, but in our patient, this might be caused by the overall delay in skeletal growth and maturation. In contrast, the presence of unmineralized, mineralized cartilage and woven bone along the outer side of the cortex might possibly be newly formed from the periosteum that is well‐known to have osteogenic and chondrogenic potential for reparative needs (Bisseret et al , 2015 ; Bahney et al , 2019 ; Jeyaraman et al , 2021 ). It is important to note that the cortical plates of our patient were about 200 μm thin, which in fact is close to the range of a trabecular plate and seemed fractured.…”