Osteogenic impact of football training in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old women and men with prediabetes

Abstract

The effects of football training on bone health were examined in 55- to 70-year-old sedentary women and men with prediabetes. Patients (n = 50) with prediabetes (age; 61 ± 9 years, BMI 29.7 ± 0.6 kg/m , body fat content; 37 ± 1%, VO ; 22.7 ± 0.8 mL/min/kg and mean arterial pressure; 104 ± 3 mm Hg) were randomized into a football training group (FTG; n = 27, 14 women) and a control group (CON; n = 23, 11 women). At baseline, 73% and 24% were diagnosed with femur osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. FTG performed football training twice weekly 30-60-minute sessions in 16 weeks, and both FTG and CON received professional dietary advice. Pre- and post-intervention whole-body and regional bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were determined with DXA-scans, and venous blood samples were drawn and analyzed for plasma bone turnover markers. Change scores were greater (P < 0.05) in FTG compared to CON in leg BMD (0.023 ± 0.005 vs -0.004 ± 0.001 g/cm ) and in leg BMC (32 ± 8 vs -4 ± 6 g). Between-group changes in favor of FTG (P < 0.05) also occurred in the femur neck BMD (3.2%) and femur shaft BMD (2.5%). Whole-body BMC and BMD were unchanged in both groups during the intervention. In FTG, resting plasma osteocalcin, P1NP, and CTX-1 rose (P < 0.05) by 23 ± 8, 52 ± 9 and 38 ± 7%, with greater change scores (P < 0.05) than in CON. Finally, P1NP (formation)/CTX-1 (resorption) ratio increased (P < 0.05) in FTG (127 ± 15 vs 150 ± 11) from pre- to post-intervention, with no change in CON (124 ± 12 and 123 ± 12). In conclusion, football training provides a powerful osteogenic stimulus and improves bone health in 55- to 70-year-old women and men diagnosed with prediabetes.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Bone Biomarkers in People With Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review

“…Of note, some studies, which we excluded after our preliminary full-test analysis because they include non-osteoporotic study groups, monitored the benefits of physical activity on bone metabolism by the evaluation of P1NP and CTX, the two biomarkers considered specific for bone turnover (44,48). Interestingly, an improvement in bone metabolism was induced by different types of exercise, for example a football training intervention (49,50). Moreover, Moreira et al found a positive effect of high-intensity aquatic exercise on P1NP and CTX among people with osteoporosis and osteopenia on P1NP and CTX (51).…”

Effects of a 6-Week Faroese Chain Dance Programme on Postural Balance, Physical Function, and Health Profile in Elderly Subjects: A Pilot Study

“…of rest in between, and the average was used as the test result. Height, weight, body fat percentage, and muscle mass were measured using a Body Composition Analyzer (InBody 270, Seoul, South Korea) [24]. The participants were instructed to remove their socks and step on the scale with their feet aligned with the foot electrodes while holding the handle with thumbs placed on the oval electrodes and arms straight out from the body.…”

One year of Football Fitness improves L1–L4 BMD, postural balance, and muscle strength in women treated for breast cancer

“…Football training performed 2–3 times per week for 3–4 months has been shown to improve femoral shaft and trochanter BMD in healthy, sedentary, middle‐aged women 16 and femoral neck and femoral shaft BMD in middle‐aged men and women with prediabetes, 17 and to improve tibial BMD, jump power and muscle strength in healthy, untrained, premenopausal women 18 . In the latter study, further positive effects on bone mineralization and muscle strength was reported after 16 months of football 19 …”