“…Various growth factors, osteogenic proteins, and modified small molecule active peptides have been designed and synthesized. Osteogenic‐related active factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (Huang, Kaigler, Rice, Krebsbach, & Mooney, ), basic fibroblast growth factor (Chen et al, ), platelet‐derived growth factors (Andrae, Gallini, & Betsholtz, ), insulin‐like growth factor (Rico‐Llanos, Becerra, & Visser, ). Osteogenic‐associated proteins consist of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2; Sun et al, ; Zhan, Liu, & Yu, ), parathyroid hormone (PTH; Khundmiri, Murray, Lederer, & Vitamin, ), and enamel matrix protein derivative (Shahriari, Houshmand, Razavian, Khazaei, & Abbas, ).…”