Osteogenic Potential of Autogenous Bone Grafts Harvested with Four Different Surgical Techniques

Abstract

The osteogenic potential of autogenous bone grafts is superior to that of allografts and xenografts because of their ability to release osteoinductive growth factors and provide a natural osteoconductive surface for cell attachment and growth. In this in vitro study, autogenous bone particles were harvested by four commonly used techniques and compared for their ability to promote an osteogenic response. Primary osteoblasts were isolated and seeded on autogenous bone grafts prepared from the mandibles of miniature pigs with a bone mill, piezo-surgery, bone scraper, and bone drill (bone slurry). The osteoblast cultures were compared for their ability to promote cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. After 4 and 8 hrs, significantly higher cell numbers were associated with bone mill and bone scraper samples compared with those acquired by bone slurry and piezo-surgery. Similar patterns were consistently observed up to 5 days. Furthermore, osteoblasts seeded on bone mill and scraper samples expressed significantly elevated mRNA levels of collagen, osteocalcin, and osterix at 3 and 14 days and produced more mineralized tissue as assessed by alizarin red staining. These results suggest that the larger bone graft particles produced by bone mill and bone scraper techniques have a higher osteogenic potential than bone slurry and piezo-surgery.

Hydroxyapatite and a New Fibrin Sealant Derived from Snake Venom as Scaffold to Treatment of Cranial Defects in Rats

“…These grafts have found wide acceptance because of their osteoinductive potential, providing cells that immediately trigger bone regeneration 1 . However, difficulties in obtaining these grafts and associated risks of injury have encouraged the development of new synthetic materials as bone graft substitutes 2 .…”

Novel Bioabsorbable Bovine Derived Atelo-Collagen Type I Membrane: Characterization into Host Tissues

“…As a result, they may be removed by enzymes such as pepsin, to produce atelo-collagen which have been described in the literature as having even lower antigenicity and immunogenicity when compared to full length collagen [18]. Over the past decade, atelocollagen has therefore been more frequently utilized due to the fact that telopeptide cleavage was responsible for the antigenic response and cleavage could highly attenuate the immune response to atelo-collagen derived biomaterials finding [22][23][24].…”

“…The samples were then dehydrated in a series of graded concentrations of ethanol from 30% to 95% and were then embedded in paraffin as previously described [23,24]. The samples were cut into 5 µm thick sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and Masson's Trichrome according to the manufacturer's protocol to visualize the immune response of the scaffolds within host tissues.…”

Absorbable collagen sponges loaded with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 9 induces greater osteoblast differentiation when compared to bone morphogenetic protein 2

“…ACS, porcine‐origin native types I and III porcine collagen sponge, were kindly provided by Botiss AG, Germany (collacone®). Figure S1 demonstrates a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image used to characterize surface shape and topography as previously described (Miron et al, 2011). For all in vitro experiments, the following six groups were used: (a) control standard tissue culture plastic (TCP), (b) control ACS alone, (c) ACS loaded with low concentration (10 ng/ml) of rhBMP2, (d)ACS loaded with high concentration (100 ng/ml) of rhBMP2, (e) ACS loaded with low concentration (10 ng/ml) of rhBMP9, and (f) ACS loaded with high concentration (100 ng/ml) of rhBMP9.…”