Osteoimmunology: The Regulatory Roles of T Lymphocytes in Osteoporosis

Abstract

Immune imbalance caused bone loss. Osteoimmunology is emerging as a new interdisciplinary field to explore the shared molecules and interactions between the skeletal and immune systems. In particular, T lymphocytes (T cells) play pivotal roles in the regulation of bone health. However, the roles and mechanisms of T cells in the treatment of osteoporosis are not fully understood. The present review aims to summarize the essential regulatory roles of T cells in the pathophysiology of various cases of osteoporosis and the development of T cell therapy for osteoporosis from osteoimmunology perspective. As T cell-mediated immunomodulation inhibition reduced bone loss, there is an increasing interest in T cell therapy in an attempt to treat osteoporosis. In summary, the T cell therapy may be further pursued as an immunomodulatory strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis, which can provide a novel perspective for drug development in the future.

The Role of Dendritic Cells during Physiological and Pathological Dentinogenesis

“…Since its first description 20 years ago, the concept of “osteoimmunology” has emerged as a field of study that unifies the complex interactions between bone biology and the immune system [ 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ]. For instance, the study of bone pathologies, such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoporosis, has shown us the great influence of the immune system on the function of bone-forming cells [ 122 ].…”

Pathophysiology of Vascular Calcification and Bone Loss: Linked Disorders of Ageing?

“…Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by loss of bone mineral and microstructural alterations in the trabecular and cortical compartments, leading to decreased bone strength. The mechanisms by which bone loss occurs are well understood, including the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 on the activation of bone resorption and the inhibition of bone formation [36]. These cytokines are also involved in VC [37,38].…”

Regulation of T Cell Responses by Nano-Hydroxyapatite to Mediate the Osteogenesis

“…Osteoimmunology is an emerging field for investigating the interaction between the immune system and bone tissue ( Kumar and Roger, 2019 ; Yu et al, 2022 ). Osteoblasts have the capacity to communicate with the immune cells and vice versa ( Gruber, 2019 ; Tsukasaki and Takayanagi, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ). Therefore, as a key regulator in the process of bone regeneration, it is vital to elicit how nHA mediates the interplay between osteoblasts and T cells.…”