Osteoinductivity of nanostructured hydroxyapatite‐functionalized gelatin modulated by human and endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells

Abstract

The demand of new strategies for the induction of bone regeneration is continuously increasing. Biomimetic porous gelatin-nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite scaffolds with tailored properties were previously developed, showing a positive response in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In the present paper, we focused on their osteoinductive properties. The effect of scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) was investigated in vitro. hMSCs were seeded on GEL (type A gelatin) and GEL containing 10 wt% hydroxyapatite (GEL-HA) and cultured in osteogenic medium. Results showed that GEL and GEL-HA10 sustained hMSC differentiation, with an increased ALP activity and a higher expression of bone specific genes. The osteoinductive ability of these scaffolds was then studied in vivo in a heterotopic bone formation model in nude mice. The influence of hMSCs within the implants was examined as well. Both GEL and GEL-HA10 scaffolds mineralized when implanted without hMSCs. On the contrary, the presence of hMSC abolished or reduced mineralization of GEL and GEL-HA10 scaffolds. However, we could observe a species-specific response to the presence of HA, which stimulated osteogenic differentiation of human cells only. In conclusion, the scaffolds showed promising osteoinductive properties and may be suitable for use in confined critical defects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 914-923, 2018.

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the influences of one‐dimensional hydroxyapatite nanostructures on cytocompatibility

“…As the main inorganic composition of a natural bone, calcium phosphates, such as, hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP, Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) are attractive because they can provide an osteoconductive matrix for bone regeneration, thus has good bioactivity and osteoinductive . 3‐5 However, the morphology, size, and crystallinity of apatite, play key roles in their biological properties. The synthesized hydroxyapatites were representative one‐dimensional nanostructured materials, which exhibit attractive and unique size‐ and morphology‐dependent properties in nanoscale .…”

“…They exhibit attractive and unique properties in the nanoscale, which are very different from that of bulk materials 1,2 . As one of the representative materials of nanostructure materials, hydroxyapatite particles (HAPs) with different one‐dimensional nanostructures have great potential for application in biomedical field because it has a similar structure to the mineral component of natural bone and can provide an osteoconductive matrix for bone regeneration, thus has good bioactivity and osteoinductive 3‐5 . But the size, morphology, and structure of nanoscale hydroxyapatite particles (HAPs) have prominent influence on their biological responses.…”

Adult Stem Cells Spheroids to Optimize Cell Colonization in Scaffolds for Cartilage and Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Our research group developed an innovative methodology using a 3D printed composite scaffold made of PLA and carbonate HA (CHA) seeded with ASC spheroids for repair of critical-sized bone defects in vivo. The HA is a ceramic material commonly used in bone tissue engineering once it is considered “osteoinductive” to cells [ 71 , 72 , 73 ]. Our results showed spheroids interacting with 3D printed scaffold in two different regions ( Figure 2 A).…”

3D visualization of the human anterior cruciate ligament combining micro-CT and histological analysis

“…In contrast, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a well-established technology in non-clinical research and today represents one of the most used for 3D visualization and quantitative analysis [ 25 ]. In particular, micro-CT is currently and widely used in orthopedic preclinical studies [ 6 , 8 , 22 ]. As for clinical CT, the 3D visualization of soft tissues (alone or in combination with hard tissues) is still a challenge.…”