Osteology and phylogeny of<i>Zalmoxes</i>(n. g.), an unusual Euornithopod dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of Romania

Weishampel, David B.; Jianu, Coralia Maria; Csiki, Zoltán; Norman, David

doi:10.1017/s1477201903001032

Cited by 173 publications

(426 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Analysed clades include: non-avian coelurosaurian theropods 28 , tyrannosauroid theropods 29 , pachycephalosaurs 30 , ceratopsids (most of which are chasmosaurines, because there is no available global phylogeny of ceratopsids that includes comprehensive sampling of centrosaurines and chasmosaurines 31 ), hadrosauroids 32 , sauropods 33 , and ankylosaurs 34 . Other groups, such as abelisauroid theropods, non-hadrosauroid ornithopods, and non-ceratopsid ceratopsians, could not be analysed because large samples of reasonably complete CampanianMaastrichtian specimens scored for discrete character data are not yet available, almost entirely due to poor fossil sampling [41][42][43] . Birds were not included in the coelurosaur dataset, because we chose to focus specifically on non-avian dinosaurs, and more importantly, because of severe sampling biases that limit the number of Maastrichtian specimens that can be scored for large numbers of discrete characters 44,45 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end-Cretaceous extinction

et al. 2012

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end-Cretaceous extinction

et al. 2012

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“…The other two reversions, in Ceratopsia and Hadrosauriformes, happened much later in time, during the late Early to early Late Cretaceous (Sereno 1999;Weishampel et al 2004). Another possible independent reversion also occurred in rhabdodontid ornithopods, although the time that this occurred is unclear due to the extensive ghost lineage separating this clade from other ornithopods (Weishampel et al 2003;Maidment and Barrett 2014). It is also possible that the nearest outgroup to Dinosauria, Silesauridae, reverted to quadrupedalism from a bipedal ancestry sometime during the Middle Triassic, but a lack of articulated material makes this claim harder to assess (Langer et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of ornithischian quadrupedality

Barrett

Maidment

2017

J Iber Geol

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Ornithischian dinosaurs were primitively bipedal, but reverted to quadrupedality on at least three (and potentially several more) occasions: in Ceratopsia, Thyreophora and Hadrosauriformes. Each of these reversals was accompanied by anatomical changes to the whole skeleton that enabled the forelimb to function in weight bearing and that also resulted in numerous changes to the hip and hind limb musculature. Each quadrupedal clade acquired a suite of similar biomechanical characters, although they varied in terms of function and in how these character complexes were assembled. Some similar changes occurred in parallel among sauropodomorph dinosaurs as they transitioned from bipedality to quadrupedality. It is unclear why bipedal ornithischians reverted to quadrupedalism, but neither increases in body size nor the acquisition of dermal armour seem to have played a significant role. Increased head size might have influenced the position of the centre of mass and stance in ceratopsians and it is plausible that the evolution of herbivory played an important role in both ornithischians and sauropods, but the latter hypothesis is difficult to test.Resumen Los dinosaurios Ornitísquios, bípedos en origen, revertieron a la condición cuadrúpeda en al menos tres (y potencialmente más) ocasiones: en Ceratopsia, Thyreophora y Hadrosauriformes. Cada una de estas reversiones vino acompañada de cambios anatómicos en el resto de esqueleto que permitieron a la extremidad anterior funcionar para soportar su peso y llevaron a cambios en la cadera y la musculatura dela extremidad posterior. Cada clado cuadrúpedo adquirió una serie de caracteres biomecánicos parecidos, aunque variaron en su función y en la manera en la que estos conjuntos de caracteres encajaban. Cambios parecidos aparecieron paralelamente entre los dinosaurios sauropodomorfos durante su transición de bípedos a cuadrúpedos. Aunque no queda claro por qué los ornitísquios revertieron al cuadrupedismo, ni el aumento de masa corporal ni la adquisición de armadura parecen haber jugado un papel significativo. Un mayor tamaño de la cabeza pudo haber repercutido en el cambio de posición del centro de masas y cambio en la postura en los ceratopsios, y es posible que la evolución de la fitofagia jugara un papel importante, tanto en ornitísquios como saurópodos, aunque sea una hipótesis difícilmente contrastable.Palabras clave Ornithischia Á Dinosauria Á Locomoción Á Cuadrupedismo Á Biomecánica Á Morfología funcional Á Evolución

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“…5D). This condition appears to be absent in Kangnasaurus (although on the basis of fragmentary material : Cooper, 1985) and is absent in noniguanodontian ornithopods like Hypsilophodon (NHMUK OR28707; NHMUK PV R196), Tenontosaurus (Forster, 1990), rhabdodontids (Weishampel et al, 2003) and ankylopollexians (Norman, 1986). It is difficult to assess this character in Dryosaurus due to damage, but the orientation of the preserved bases of the neural spines suggests that they might have been more vertically inclined and thus might not have extended beyond the posterior margin of the succeeding vertebra (Galton, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new specimen of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithopoda: Dryosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England

Barrett¹

2016

MMV

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The anatomy of Valdosaurus canaliculatus is incompletely known and until recently was based exclusively upon the holotype femora. Additional discoveries from the Wessex Formation (Barremian) of the Isle of Wight during the past decade have considerably expanded the amount of material available and offered insights into the morphology of the vertebral column and pelvis. However, all of these specimens consist primarily of hind limb material. Here, I describe a newly discovered individual of this taxon, the most complete yet found, which was found in articulation and includes a partial dorsal series, an almost complete tail, pelvic material, and both hind limbs. Although the specimen is partially crushed it offers new information on the anatomy of Valdosaurus, facilitating comparisons with other dryosaurid taxa.

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Osteology and phylogeny ofZalmoxes(n. g.), an unusual Euornithopod dinosaur from the latest Cretaceous of Romania

Cited by 173 publications

References 46 publications

Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end-Cretaceous extinction

Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end-Cretaceous extinction

The evolution of ornithischian quadrupedality

A new specimen of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithopoda: Dryosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England

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