Osteometric Variation in Domestic Dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>
) from the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska

West, Catherine F.; Jarvis, K. N.

doi:10.1002/oa.2293

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…They argue Neo-Aleuts married Kodiak women who imported their slate tool kits as they moved into the Aleutians. Kodiak Island is the closest place with abundant dog remains (Holland and Turner, 1987; West and Jarvis, 2015) and these animals may also have been imported with slate and other cultural materials. This could explain their sudden appearance in the eastern Aleutians associated with Neo-Aleut occupations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient canids of the Aleutian Islands (new archaeological discoveries from the Islands of Four Mountains)

et al. 2019

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We discuss the cultural roles of dog and red fox recovered from Carlisle Island, Islands of Four Mountains, Alaska, within the context of Aleutian ethnographic and zooarchaeological records. Three dog bones were recovered from the Ulyagan archaeological site, Unit 5, in levels that date to AD 1450–1645. Three red fox bones come from the Ulyagan site, Unit 4, in levels that date 460 BC–AD 95. Our analyses show that both red fox and domestic dog date earlier than the contact with Russians and that these canids do not extend west of the Islands of Four Mountains archipelago. Given the rich history of human intervention on the Aleutians ecosystems over the last 250 years, we argue that indigenous red fox inhabited the Islands of the Four Mountains region prior to western contact; however, foxes did not have a pronounced cultural role for prehistoric Aleuts. Domestic dogs accompanied humans in the Aleutians after AD 950, suggesting that these canids might be linked with the Neo-Aleut culture. In the light of Arctic and oceanic cases of human use of dogs considered in the paper, we suggest that dogs might have served as reserve food sources during long trips for people migrating west.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient canids of the Aleutian Islands (new archaeological discoveries from the Islands of Four Mountains)

et al. 2019

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“…In western North America, dogs have been found in a variety of archaeological contexts, from intentional burials to middens (Bartelle et al 2010;Crockford 2005;Crockford et al 2012;Hale and Salls 2000;Langenwalter 1986;Langenwalter 2005;Lupo and Janetski 1994;Noah 2005;Rick et al 2008;West and Jarvis 2014). Here we present osteological data obtained from the remains of six dogs excavated at a Chumash village (CA-SRI-2) on Santa Rosa Island, California.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The long bones from CF6 1 Es mated shoulder height based on mean of Harcourt (1974) and size es mates based on Allen (1920) as described in Langenwalter (1986) Research Communica on are completely fused indicating that this dog is also an adult. Size, the presence or absence of a baculum, and the presence of a thicker sagittal crest in males are typical indicators of sex (Shigehara et al 1997;Vellanoweth et al 2008;West and Jarvis 2014). Because no bacula were recovered, we rely on size and morphology for sexing the three cranial specimens based on non-metric traits (i.e., presence of a pronounced sagittal crest in males and lack of a pronounced sagittal crest and a constriction of the frontal region in females) described by Shigehara et al (1997) and West and Jarvis (2014).…”

Section: Age and Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Size, the presence or absence of a baculum, and the presence of a thicker sagittal crest in males are typical indicators of sex (Shigehara et al 1997;Vellanoweth et al 2008;West and Jarvis 2014). Because no bacula were recovered, we rely on size and morphology for sexing the three cranial specimens based on non-metric traits (i.e., presence of a pronounced sagittal crest in males and lack of a pronounced sagittal crest and a constriction of the frontal region in females) described by Shigehara et al (1997) and West and Jarvis (2014). These sex categories should be treated as provisional and need to be confirmed by additional analyses (e.g., aDNA).…”

Section: Age and Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Dogs of CA-SRI-2: Osteometry of Canis familiaris from Santa Rosa Island, California

Hofman

Rick

2014

EBL

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Domesticated dogs (Canis familiaris) are an important human companion around the world and have long been a focus of archaeological research. Osteometric analysis of six dogs from a Late Holocene Chumash village on Santa Rosa Island, California indicates that adults, juvenile/young adults, and a puppy were present. Similar to dogs on other Channel Islands, these dogs fall into the large Indian dog category, standing some 43-54 cm tall, with mesaticephalic or mild brachycephalic facial characteristics. No cutmarks were found on the bones, but one of the mandibles was burned. The CA-SRI-2 dogs appear to have eaten high trophic marine foods similar to what humans consumed, documenting the close bond between dogs and humans on the Channel Islands and broader North American Pacific Coast.

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“…The Uyak site, on the southwest side of the island, had extensive shell midden deposits, some as thick as 6 meters (Heizer, 1963;Hrdlicka, 1975). The site contains sequences from Kachemak and Koniag phases, which represents a time frame from 2560±30 to 1270±30 years BP (West and Jarvis, 2015). The Settlement Point site is located fifteen kilometers north of Kodiak on Afognak Island (Kopperl, 2003).…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLAMS AND CLIMATE IN THE KODIAK ARCHIPELAGO, ALASKA: INSIGHTS FROM OXYGEN ISOTOPE SCLEROCHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF S. GIGANTEA FROM MIDDLE TO LATE HOLOCENE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS

Bassett¹,

Andrus²,

West³

2016

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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Sclerochronological and sclerochemical analysis of shellfish remains from archaeological sites afford the opportunity to understand environmental change and its impacts on human populations through time. During the Late Holocene in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), the paleoenvironmental record reflects fluctuating marine conditions throughout the region. In the Kodiak archipelago in the Gulf of Alaska, changing environmental conditions, population growth, technological transitions, and contact with other communities likely promoted the transition from needs-based maritime hunting and gathering to surplus-based, semi-permanent villages. The precise role of climate in this transition is understudied. Few paleoclimate reconstructions are available for the Kodiak archipelago and climate reconstructions for the GOA are often insufficient for archaeological research because they lack sub-annual resolution and cannot produce a detailed understanding of seasonal behaviors in human populations. Analysis of shellfish remains from archaeological sites in the archipelago may provide additional paleoenvironmental information for the Gulf of Alaska. Measuring and comparing the length of seasonal shell growth in select species of bivalves may complement stable oxygen isotope analysis, together providing a more precise paleoclimate reconstruction. This research utilizes the growth of Saxidomus gigantea, abundant both on modern and ancient coastlines to provide information about the length of its growing seasons. To measure seasonality, a total of 25 modern samples were collected from Alaska and British Columbia and the number of lunardaily growth increments (LDGI) was counted between annual winter growth bands confirmed by  18 O maxima measured in sinusoidal time series. Clams collected from Alaska grew a total of 143±34 days while the British Columbian clams grew 273±14 days.  18 O values and the number of LDGI per year were then compared to previous studies along the Pacific Northwest coast.  18 O values were more positive from annual winter growth bands from Alaskan samples (average value of 1.0‰) than British Columbian samples (average value of-0.2‰). Maximum  18 O values from winter growth generally increased with latitude (R 2 = 0.67), as did the number of LDGI per year (R 2 = 0.74). Minimum  18 O values did not appear to be significantly related to latitude (R 2 = 0.42).

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Osteometric Variation in Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris ) from the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Ancient canids of the Aleutian Islands (new archaeological discoveries from the Islands of Four Mountains)

Ancient canids of the Aleutian Islands (new archaeological discoveries from the Islands of Four Mountains)

The Dogs of CA-SRI-2: Osteometry of Canis familiaris from Santa Rosa Island, California

CLAMS AND CLIMATE IN THE KODIAK ARCHIPELAGO, ALASKA: INSIGHTS FROM OXYGEN ISOTOPE SCLEROCHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF S. GIGANTEA FROM MIDDLE TO LATE HOLOCENE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPOSITS

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