Osteopathic management of non-specific neck pain: a modified Delphi study

Abstract

Background Neck pain is a widespread and persistent musculoskeletal condition, with over half of cases unresolved for years. Nonspecific neck pain poses a particular challenge, often driven by complex physical, psychological, and social factors that lead to ongoing disability. Osteopaths frequently treat musculoskeletal pain using a biopsychosocial approach, yet their specific strategies for nonspecific neck pain remain largely unexplored and likely vary based on practitioner approach. Methods Eleven osteopaths took part in a modified Delphi involving the completion of successive online questionnaires. Across three distinct rounds, participants responded to three different questionnaires distributed via email. Survey development was based on HOAC-II, a patient centred framework for healthcare. Surveys comprised questions related to frequency of use of various osteopathic examination, treatment and management techniques and strategies for patients with nonspecific neck pain. Round 1 and Round 2 comprised open ended questions, Round 3 sought an agreement (Kendall’s W) from panel members about what examination, treatment techniques and management approaches are essential for patients with nonspecific neck pain. Results This modified Delphi study established a consensus among expert osteopaths regarding the examination and management of patients with NSNP. Employing the patient-centred HOAC-II framework, the study highlighted key elements of NSNP care deemed essential by Australian osteopaths. Conclusion The study revealed that the examination techniques and management strategies osteopaths consider essential for patients with non-specific neck pain align with practices frequently used by other health professionals.