Osteopontin (OPN) Is an Important Protein to Mediate Improvements in the Biocompatibility of C Ion-Implanted Silicone Rubber

Abstract

Medical device implants are drawing increasing amounts of interest from modern medical practitioners. However, this attention is not evenly spread across all such devices; most of these implantable devices can cause adverse reactions such as inflammation, fibrosis, thrombosis, and infection. In this work, the biocompatibility of silicone rubber (SR) was improved through carbon (C) ion implantation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that these newly generated carbon-implanted silicone rubbers (C-SRs) had large, irregular peaks and deep valleys on their surfaces. The water contact angle of the SR surface decreased significantly after C ion implantation. C ion implantation also changed the surface charge distribution, silicone oxygen rate, and chemical-element distribution of SR to favor cell attachment. The dermal fibroblasts cultured on the surface C-SR grew faster and showed more typical fibroblastic shapes. The expression levels of major adhesion proteins, including talin-1, zyxin, and vinculin, were significantly higher in dermal fibroblasts cultured on C-SR coated plates than in dermal fibroblasts cultured on SR. Those same dermal fibroblasts on C-SRs showed more pronounced adhesion and migration abilities. Osteopontin (OPN), a critical extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, was up-regulated and secreted from dermal fibroblasts cultured on C-SR. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity was also increased. These cells were highly mobile and were able to adhere to surfaces, but these abilities were inhibited by the monoclonal antibody against OPN, or by shRNA-mediated MMP-9 knockdown. Together, these results suggest that C ion implantation significantly improves SR biocompatibility, and that OPN is important to promote cell adhesion to the C-SR surface.

Rapamycin increases CCN2 expression of lung fibroblasts via phosphoinositide 3-kinase

“…21,22 For detailed information, please go to see the Supplementary Information. Statistics SPSS 13.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) software was used for analyses.…”

Biofunctionalization of silicone rubber with microgroove-patterned surface and carbon-ion implantation to enhance biocompatibility and reduce capsule formation

“…A cell adhesion assay was performed as described previously. 9 The cell adhesion rate (%) was calculated as (number of adherent/number of seeded cells) ×100%. Cell viability was assessed by a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan) at 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, and 6 days, according to the manufacturer's protocol.…”

“…The dermal fibroblasts cytoskeleton was observed by a laser scanning confocal microscope and immunofluorescence staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled actin Tracker probes (Beyotime, Shanghai, People's Republic of China). A Western blot assay (performed as described previously 9 ) was used to detect the expression of talin, zyxin, and vinculin proteins, which are involved in the process of cell adhesion to various material surfaces. The primary antibodies used in this study were as follows: rabbit anti-talin (1:1,000; EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), rabbit anti-zyxin (1:1,000; Epitomics, Burlingame, CA, USA), and rabbit anti-vinculin (1:500, Sigma-Aldrich Co.).…”

“…This improvement was attributed to changes in surface characteristics, including surface chemistry, surface roughness, and wettability. 9,10 The C-ion implantation also changed the surface morphology of the silicone rubber, but whether such changes in surface topography have any important effects on its functions as a biomaterial, and in particular its cytocompatibility, needs further investigation. With this aim in mind, in this study, silicone rubber surfaces are modified by the imposition of a novel microgroove pattern and by C-ion implantation.…”

Membrane-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Glycoprotein B Promotes Cell Adhesion and Inhibits Migration of Cells via Upregulating IL-1β and TNF-α

“…These cytokines have been shown to be critical for KSHV pathogenicity. Cytokines are a large family of small proteins that are important for a broad range of cell functions including cell attachment, cell migration, and cell-to-cell interactions [4, 5]. KSHV encodes and induces many cytokines to hijack cellular functions and promote KSHV-associated malignancies [6, 7].…”