Osteoporosis and gait and balance disturbances in older sarcopenic obese New Zealanders

Abstract

Osteoporosis was prevalent in low ASM groups (SS and SO) and related to gait and balance deficits, particularly in the SO. This has implications for falls risk, fractures, and interventions.

Adverse effects of coexistence of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome in Japanese women

“…Coexistence of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome K Sanada et al the public, although many studies have shown that sarcopenia affects disability, 2 the risk of fractures [4][5][6] and a wide range of chronic disorders. [7][8][9][10] We confirmed that both sarcopenia and MetS are important factors that should be taking into account in governmental health promotion programs to regulate medical treatment costs.…”

“…Sarcopenia, a reduction in muscle mass and muscle strength with age, causes impaired gait, 1 disability, 2 falls 3 and osteoporosis, [4][5][6] and increases the risk of developing a wide range of chronic disorders, including hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. [7][8][9][10] On the other hand, it is well known that metabolic syndrome (MetS), which generally increases with advancing age, is also associated with increased risk of vascular events, 11 ischemic stroke 12 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.…”

Higher levels of physical fitness are associated with a reduced risk of suffering sarcopenic obesity and better perceived health among the elderly. The EXERNET multi-center study

“…Ochi et al (36) investigated the relationship between age-related quadriceps sarcopenia and visceral obesity on postural instability finding an association with postural instability in middle-aged to elderly subjects. In this sense, we can conclude that older obese people with low muscle strength have an increased risk of losing their balance and walking ability and experiencing accelerated decline of lower extremity performance (28,41,42). In a longitudinal analysis from the InCHIANTI Study, Stenholm et al (41) reported that obesity combined with low muscle strength increases the risk of decline in walking speed and developing mobility disability, especially among persons under age 80.…”

“…However, there is a discrepancy in the literature, as results about association of functional decline and disability with age-related changes in body composition differ from one study to another. Accordingly, several studies have reported that the loss of skeletal muscle mass, observed with advancing age, linked to obesity is associated with functional impairments and disability (8,10,28,29). In this sense, Waters et al (28) evaluated 183 older adults (29 with SO) using four functional performance measures (chair stand test, step touch test, timed one-legged stand and the timed get up and go test) and concluded that SO has a negative impact on physical function.…”

“…Accordingly, several studies have reported that the loss of skeletal muscle mass, observed with advancing age, linked to obesity is associated with functional impairments and disability (8,10,28,29). In this sense, Waters et al (28) evaluated 183 older adults (29 with SO) using four functional performance measures (chair stand test, step touch test, timed one-legged stand and the timed get up and go test) and concluded that SO has a negative impact on physical function. On the other hand, several studies have not found functional differences between normal and SO groups or have reported that BF is the most important risk marker for disability (7,9,30).…”