Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common bone disorder associated with an increase bone fragility and a high fracture risk, which can be an isolated condition or a comorbidity of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. A great contribution to the study of OP in the Russian Federation was made by V.A. Nasonova, L.I. Benevolenskaya and scientific researchers of the Institute of Rheumatology. The article presents the main achievements that have occurred over the past 30 years in the development of this problem in our country and abroad, and the perspectives of osteoporosis treatment.