Osteoporosis and sarcopenia: the connections

Tarantino, Umberto; Baldi, Jacopo; Celi, Monica; Rao, Cecilia; Liuni, Federico Maria; Iundusi, Riccardo; Gasbarra, Elena

doi:10.1007/s40520-013-0097-7

Cited by 79 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In a case-controlled study of over 1,200 women with newly diagnosed BC without metastases, the annual incidence of vertebral fracture was 2.72% compared 0.53% in the control arm, i.e. a fivefold increase, with rates adjusted for age, prevalent fractures and duration of follow-up (39). The link between bone and muscle mass can be found at three levels (40).…”

Section: -Diagnostic Densitometric T-score Values (Femoral Neck and Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality of life in breast cancer: a secret passage through skeletal muscle and bone health

Persichetti¹

2014

RIO

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Breast cancer is the most common female cancer diagnosed worldwide. In Italy it represents about 30% of all cancer type in women and 17% of deaths due to malignancies. Neo or adjuvant therapy, which includes external beam radiation, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy (tamoxifen ± LH-RH analogues, aromatase inhibitors) allow early breast cancer patients to reach 10 years survival rate of about 80-85%. The improved prognosis of this subgroup of patients arise new challenges because cancer itself, treatments and age related changes can affect greatly patients' quality of life. Bone loss and osteoporosis are common disorders in patients affected with breast cancer because many systemic therapies for breast cancer interfere with skeletal homeostasis, either through their effects on gonadal steroid hormone production or by inhibiting peripheral aromatization of androgens into estrogens, and cause an increased risk of morbidity and mortality related to skeletal events such as vertebral and spine fractures. Also, age related modifications in body fat and lean mass, with progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, characterizing a condition known as sarcopenia, can exacerbate the risk of frailty and adverse outcomes. According to current evidence, a complete clinical evaluation of the breast cancer long survivors is imperative in order to prevent and treat in an early stage any comorbidity (osteoporosis, sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome). This can be achieved only with a multidisciplinary approach, where oncologist, endocrinologist and nutritionist work together to maximize bone and muscle health to enhance the quality of life and to reduce mortality and skeletal events related morbidity.

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Section: -Diagnostic Densitometric T-score Values (Femoral Neck and Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, mechanical stimuli generated during muscular contraction activate sclerostin signaling of the osteocyte, promoting osteogenesis (43). Essentially, bone and muscle should be considered as a single functional entity, the "bone-muscle unit" (44).…”

Section: -Diagnostic Densitometric T-score Values (Femoral Neck and Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life in breast cancer: a secret passage through skeletal muscle and bone health

Persichetti¹

2014

RIO

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“…[16][17][18][19] The suppression of testosterone and IGF-1, which both possess strong anabolic properties, may further result in unfavorable alterations in fuel utilization and more importantly, in the long-term loss of muscle mass and muscle function. 20,21 Therefore, it remains unclear whether strategies to increase dietary energy intake during prolonged ultra-endurance exercise in efforts to prevent energy deficiency could also attenuate the suppression of metabolic hormones, and minimize the detrimental effects of energy deficiency in the long-term.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Energy Balance and Metabolic Hormone Suppression During Ultraendurance Exercise

Geesmann¹,

Gibbs²,

Mester³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Ultraendurance athletes often accumulate an energy deficit when engaging in ultraendurance exercise, and on completion of the exercise, they exhibit endocrine changes that are reminiscent of starvation. However, it remains unclear whether these endocrine changes are a result of the exercise per se or secondary to the energy deficit and, more important, whether these changes can be attenuated by increased dietary intake. The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between changes in key metabolic hormones after ultraendurance exercise and measures of energy balance. Metabolic hormones, as well as energy intake and expenditure, were assessed in 14 well-trained male cyclists who completed a 1230-km ultraendurance cycling event. After completion of the event, serum testosterone (–67% ± 18%), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (–45% ± 8%), and leptin (–79% ± 9%) were significantly suppressed (P < .001) and remained suppressed after a 12-h recovery period (P < .001). Changes in IGF-1 were positively correlated with energy balance over the course of the event (r = .65, P = .037), which ranged from an 11,859-kcal deficit to a 3593-kcal surplus. The marked suppression of testosterone, IGF-1, and leptin after ultraendurance exercise is comparable to changes occurring during acute starvation. The suppression of IGF-1, but not that of other metabolic hormones, was strongly associated with the magnitude of the energy deficit, indicating that athletes who attained a greater energy deficit exhibited a more pronounced drop in IGF-1. Future studies are needed to determine whether increased dietary intake can attenuate the endocrine response to ultraendurance exercise.

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“…Decreased muscle mass, due to aging, causes a decrease in muscle strength and thereby, an increase in the risk of falling, resulting in incidences of fractures of the femur [16][17][18] . It has been reported that even after adjusting the various risk factors such as age, sarcopenia still increases the risk of falls by 2.5 times in elderly adults, especially elderly men 7) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hospital-Based Prospective Cohort Study of Aged People to Elucidate the Predictive Factors for Chronic Disease and Mortality: HAPPY Cohort

Kim

Jang

et al. 2017

Ann Geriatr Med Res

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Background: The world over, the multimorbidity associated with aging is proving to be a great socio-economic burden. The loss of muscle mass and increased adiposity are typical of aging, but the number of longitudinal studies focusing on sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity is currently limited. We launched a hospital-based, prospective cohort study of aged people (HAPPY cohort) to identify the impact of sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity on the occurrence of chronic diseases including diabetes, or its vascular complications, osteoporosis and fractures, cognitive dysfunction, and mortality. Methods: For the HAPPY cohort, we aim to recruit 1,000 patients, aged 60 years and above, who visit a tertiary hospital from August 2015. Participants are scheduled to undergo repeated waves of assessment every 3 years; this will be done for 9 years or until death. Results: General information and medical histories are collected through personal interviews and validated using medical records. Participants' physical function is assessed by diverse functional assessments including the hand grip strength test, timed up and go test, and the chair rise test. The functional status, nutritional status, levels of depression, and cognitive function of the participants are also measured. The body compositions are assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and the bioelectrical impedance method. The biochemical parameters related with chronic diseases are measured. Conclusion: This HAPPY cohort study will provide results relevant to the many health issues among elderly Asians (among at least elderly Koreans). These results will help us gain a better understanding of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, as well as the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of chronic diseases and mortality among elderly adults.

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Osteoporosis and sarcopenia: the connections

Cited by 79 publications

References 21 publications

Quality of life in breast cancer: a secret passage through skeletal muscle and bone health

Quality of life in breast cancer: a secret passage through skeletal muscle and bone health

Association Between Energy Balance and Metabolic Hormone Suppression During Ultraendurance Exercise

A Hospital-Based Prospective Cohort Study of Aged People to Elucidate the Predictive Factors for Chronic Disease and Mortality: HAPPY Cohort

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