Osteosclerotic sarcoidosis

Abstract

The laboratory studies showed an increased alkaline phosphatase of 523 units, a total protein of 8.2 mg, and a globulin of 4.4 mg. The cholesterol level was 159 mg/dl. The hemoglobin was 13.1 g, and

Sarcoidosis Involving the Musculoskeletal System

“…83,110 Extension of the granulomatous process into the cortex may cause bone destruction or resorption; osteosclerotic lesions are rare. 83,102,110,111 The periosteum and articular cartilage are usually spared. 110 Most commonly, sarcoidosis affects the small bones, particularly the middle and distal phalanges of the hands and feet, although any part of the axial or appendicular skeleton may be involved.…”

“…Osteosclerosis occurs less frequently than osteolysis. 83,111,112 Generalized osteosclerosis affects the long bones and vertebrae more commonly than the small bones of the hands and feet. When osteosclerosis is seen in the small bones, there are nodular opacities within the medullary cavity.…”

The Synergistic Effects of Vitamin D Metabolites and Transforming Growth Factor-β on Costochondral Chondrocytes Are Mediated by Increases in Protein Kinase C Activity Involving Two Separate Pathways*

“…Both factors can increase PKC activity and do so without causing a translocation of cytosolic PKC to the membrane (62,63). Both factors increase synthesis of plasma membrane PKC, and the major isoform affected is PKC␣.…”

Clinical impact of bone and calcium metabolism changes in sarcoidosis

“…Nevertheless, it may show that the small bones of the hands and feet are affected frequently, especially the middle and distal phalanges 60. Scattered osteosclerotic changes may also be noted in the skull, long bones, ribs or elsewhere, and may be an occasional finding of a total body scan with gallium-67 (fig 1).…”