Ostwald Ripening of Two-Dimensional Crystals at the Solid-Liquid Interface

Stabel, Andreas; Heinz, R.; Schryver, F. C. De; Rabe, Jürgen P.

doi:10.1021/j100002a009

Cited by 110 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This analysis is statistical in nature and we did find isolated microcrystals wider than the average fitted width, but these were fewer in number. These observations suggest that the Ostwald ripening mechanism may be responsible for the microcrystal growth [41,42]. The arrows in figures 1(a)-(c) represent the direction in which the samples were suspended in the vertical slots, which also coincided with the direction of the gravitational force.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Fabrication of diisopropylammonium bromide aligned microcrystals with in-plane uniaxial polarization

Poddar¹,

Lu²,

Song³

et al. 2016

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Textured arrays of ferroelectric microcrystals of diisopropylammonium bromide were grown from solution at room temperature onto silicon substrates and studied by means of x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, and piezoresponse force microscopy. The needleshaped crystals had dimensions of approximately 50 μm × 5 μm in the plane and were approximately 200 nm thick, where the dimensions and arrangement were influenced by growth conditions. The observations suggest an Ostwald ripening mechanism of the microcrystal growth. The crystals had the structure of the ferroelectric phase, where the polarization axis was in-plane and parallel to the long axis of the crystals. The in-plane polarization could be switched at will with a scanning probe tip bias of 15 V and could be arranged in stable domain patterns with both charged and uncharged 180° domain walls.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Fabrication of diisopropylammonium bromide aligned microcrystals with in-plane uniaxial polarization

Poddar¹,

Lu²,

Song³

et al. 2016

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…A finite mobility of the nanorods was also detected; this reveals that molecules at the domain boundaries change their tilt angle with respect to the underlying substrate. This molecular dynamics occurs on the timescale of several minutes and can be attributed to a Ostwald ripening process, [30] which is governed by a minimisation of line energies. In addition, the high-resolution imaging made it possible to visualise defects within the organic layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembly of a Conjugated Polymer: From Molecular Rods to a Nanoribbon Architecture with Molecular Dimensions

Samorı́

Francke

Müllen

et al. 1999

Chemistry - A European Journal

189

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Abstract:The growth from solution of novel end-functionalised poly(para-phenyleneethynylene)s (PPEs) on flat solid crystalline substrates was investigated. The macromolecular structure of PPE at the interface between the basal plane of graphite and an organic solution was visualised with molecular resolution by scanning tunnelling microscopy. It revealed a two-dimensional nematic-like molecular order of the polydisperse polymer, while a corresponding shorter and monodisperse oligomer exhibited an epitaxial 2 D crystal structure. In contrast, on the insulating substrate mica, PPE can self-assemble into micrometer-long nanoribbons. Their crosssection was determined quantitatively by scanning force microscopy in tapping mode; this revealed a typical thickness of two molecular layers and a width distribution that is well described by the distribution of molecular weights, according to the Schulz ± Zimm distribution. This indicates that the polymers are fully extended in the ribbons and oriented with the conjugated backbone parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the long axis of the ribbons. Unlike previous studies carried out interfacing single molecules to metallic probes, we propose here functionalised ribbons as polymolecular architectures, which could be used to interconnect gold nanoelectrodes in a molecular-scale electronic device.

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“…[6,10] Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) offers an alternative way to investigate molecular arrangements of organic compounds. It has been found that alkylcyanobiphenyls, [11] nalkanes, [12] cycloalkanes, [13] fatty acids, [12b, 14] alkylbenzenes, [12b] and more complicated molecules, mostly with planar and extended p-systems, [15] all bearing longer alkyl chains are adsorbed from a solution or a melt to the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) or molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and form ordered monolayers. Frequently, the alkyl chains align along one of the main crystallographic axes of the substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coincidence of the Molecular Organization ofβ-Substituted Oligothiophenes in Two-Dimensional Layers and Three-Dimensional Crystals

et al. 2000

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The molecular arrangements of three different alkyl-substituted oligothiophenes both in two-dimensional adsorbed layers at a substrate interface and in bulk three-dimensional crystals were studied. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to investigate the ordering of the conjugated oligomers in two-dimensional layers adsorbed on graphite. These data were compared with the X-ray structure determinations of single crystals revealing the arrangement in the three-dimensional bulk material. Quaterthiophenes 1 and 2, bearing dodecyl and hexyl side chains, respectively, exhibit a lamella-type stacking of the conjugated backbone concomitant with an interlocking of the alkyl side chains both on the surface and in the crystal. In contrast, the arrangement of propyl-substituted quaterthiophene 3 is rather "herringbone-like" due to the reduced interactions of the shorter alkyl side chains. In all three cases, evidently, the two-dimensional ordering at the graphite surface is coincident with the molecular packing in one cross-section of the three-dimensional crystal.

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Ostwald Ripening of Two-Dimensional Crystals at the Solid-Liquid Interface

Cited by 110 publications

References 19 publications

Fabrication of diisopropylammonium bromide aligned microcrystals with in-plane uniaxial polarization

Fabrication of diisopropylammonium bromide aligned microcrystals with in-plane uniaxial polarization

Self-Assembly of a Conjugated Polymer: From Molecular Rods to a Nanoribbon Architecture with Molecular Dimensions

Coincidence of the Molecular Organization ofβ-Substituted Oligothiophenes in Two-Dimensional Layers and Three-Dimensional Crystals

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