Ostwald ripening theory: applications to fluorocarbon emulsion stability

Kabalnov, Alexey; Shchukin, E. D.

doi:10.1016/0001-8686(92)80043-w

Cited by 376 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This conversion of amorphous nanosuspension particles to crystalline particles can be explained by Ostwald ripening process. It is a process where the difference in solubility with particle size leads to a transport of material from small to larger particles, with an accompanying increase in the mean particle size with time (28,29). Ostwald ripening process was inhibited in o/w emulsions by incorporating a small amount of a second component with a very low aqueous solubility, and this has been explained theoretically by Kabalnov et al (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nanosuspension Based In Situ Gelling Nasal Spray of Carvedilol: Development, In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization

2012

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Abstract. The objective of the present investigation was to develop in situ gelling nasal spray formulation of carvedilol (CRV) nanosuspension to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. Solvent precipitation-ultrasonication method was opted for the preparation of CRV nanosuspension which further incorporated into the in situ gelling polymer phase. Optimized formulation was extensively characterized for various physical parameters like in situ gelation, rheological properties and in vitro drug release. Formation of in situ gel upon contact with nasal fluid was conferred via the use of ion-activated gellan gum as carrier. In vivo studies in rabbits were performed comparing the nasal bioavailability of CRV after oral, nasal, and intravenous administration. Optimized CRV nanosuspension prepared by combination of poloxamer 407 and oleic acid showed good particle size [d (0.9); 0.19 μm], zeta potential (+10.2 mV) and polydispersity (span; 0.63). The formulation containing 0.5%w/v gellan gum demonstrated good gelation ability and desired sustained drug release over period of 12 h. In vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the absolute bioavailability of in situ nasal spray formulation (69.38%) was significantly increased as compared to orally administered CRV (25.96%) with mean residence time 8.65 h. Hence, such in situ gel system containing drug nanosuspension is a promising approach for the intranasal delivery in order to increase nasal mucosal permeability and in vivo residence time which altogether improves drug bioavailability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nanosuspension Based In Situ Gelling Nasal Spray of Carvedilol: Development, In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization

2012

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“…Controlled Ripening: The droplet size distribution of an emulsion may be altered by Ostwald ripening processes if the oil phase has an appreciable solubility within the aqueous phase [24,41]. In this case, some of the oil molecules diffuse through the aqueous phase from the smaller droplets to the larger droplets ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Droplet Size: Disperse Phase Evaporation and Ripening Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Emulsion Functionality: Post-Homogenization Modification of Droplet Properties

Bai

McClements

2016

Processes

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Abstract:Homogenizers are commonly used to produce oil-in-water emulsions that consist of emulsifier-coated oil droplets suspended within an aqueous phase. The functional attributes of emulsions are usually controlled by selecting appropriate ingredients (e.g., surfactants, co-surfactants, oils, solvents, and co-solvents) and processing conditions (e.g., homogenizer type and operating conditions). However, the functional attributes of emulsions can also be tailored after homogenization by manipulating their composition, structure, or physical state. The interfacial properties of lipid droplets can be altered using competitive adsorption or coating methods (such as electrostatic deposition). The physical state of oil droplets can be altered by selecting an oil phase that crystallizes after the emulsion has been formed. The composition of the disperse phase can be altered by mixing different kinds of oil droplets together to induce inter-droplet exchange of oil molecules. The local environment of oil droplets can be altered by embedding them within hydrogel beads. The aggregation state of oil droplets can be controlled by promoting flocculation. These post-homogenization methods can be used to alter functional attributes such as physical stability, rheology, optical properties, chemical degradation, retention/release properties, and/or gastrointestinal fate.

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“…The kinetic stability of nanoemulsions can be improved by controlling their composition (e.g., oil and water phase) and microstructure (e.g., particle size distribution), or by incorporating substances known as stabilizers: such as emulsifiers, texture modifiers, weighting agents or ripening retarders. 8,12,13 The type of stabilizers that can be used in food applications is restricted by government regulations, cost considerations, and practical factors (such as ease of utilization, reliability of source, and matrix compatibility). Common stabilizers that can be used by the food industry to formulate nanoemulsions are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Nanoemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible nanoemulsions: fabrication, properties, and functional performance

2011

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There is increasing interest within the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries in utilizing edible nanoemulsions to encapsulate, protect and deliver lipophilic functional components, such as oil-soluble flavors, vitamins, preservatives, nutraceuticals, and drugs. There are a number of potential advantages of using nanoemulsions rather than conventional emulsions for this purpose: they can greatly increase the bioavailability of lipophilic substances; they scatter light weakly and so can be incorporated into optically transparent products; they can be used to modulate the product texture; and they have a high stability to particle aggregation and gravitational separation. On the other hand, there may also be some risks associated with the oral ingestion of nanoemulsions, such as their ability to change the biological fate of bioactive components within the gastrointestinal tract and the potential toxicity of some of the components used in their fabrication. This tutorial review provides an overview of the current status of nanoemulsion fabrication, properties, and applications with special emphasis on systems suitable for utilization within the food industry.

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Ostwald ripening theory: applications to fluorocarbon emulsion stability

Cited by 376 publications

References 44 publications

Nanosuspension Based In Situ Gelling Nasal Spray of Carvedilol: Development, In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization

Nanosuspension Based In Situ Gelling Nasal Spray of Carvedilol: Development, In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization

Extending Emulsion Functionality: Post-Homogenization Modification of Droplet Properties

Edible nanoemulsions: fabrication, properties, and functional performance

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