Other Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis

Hamdy, Neveen A. T.; Appelman‐Dijkstra, Natasha M.

doi:10.1002/9781119266594.ch66

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…These blood vessels could transport osteoblasts and osteoclasts that are critical for bone remodeling ( Lafage-Proust and Roche, 2019 ). Additionally, hormones (e.g., cortisol, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1) play a vital role in modulating bone metabolism by promoting bone formation or inhibiting bone resorption ( Hamdy and Appelman-Dijkstra, 2018 ; Kraemer et al, 2020 ; Shigehara et al, 2021 ; Yinghao et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of blood flow restriction training on bone metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Introduction: The efficacy of low-intensity blood flow restriction (LI-BFR) training programs in bone metabolism remains unclear compared to low-intensity (LI) training and high-intensity (HI) training. The aim of this review was to quantitatively identify the effects of LI-BFR training on changes in bone formation markers (i.e., bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BALP), bone resorption (i.e., C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, CTX) and bone mineral density (BMD) compared with conventional resistance training programmes. Additionally, the effectiveness of walking with and without BFR was assessed.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles based on eligibility criteria. Review Manager Version 5.4 was used for Meta-analysis. Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) was applied to assess the methodological quality of studies.Results: 12 articles were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 378 participants. Meta-results showed that compared with LI training, LI-BFR training induced greater increments in BALP (young adults: MD = 6.70, p < 0.001; old adults: MD = 3.94, p = 0.002), slight increments in BMD (young adults: MD = 0.05, p < 0.00001; old adults: MD = 0.01, p < 0.00001), and greater decrements in CTX (young adults: MD = −0.19, p = 0.15; old adults: MD = −0.07, p = 0.003). Compared with HI training, LI-BFR training produced smaller increments in BALP (young adults: MD = −6.87, p = 0.24; old adults: MD = −0.6, p = 0.58), similar increments in BMD (MD = −0.01, p = 0.76) and similar decrements in CTX (young adults: MD = 0, p = 0.96; old adults: MD = −0.08, p = 0.13). Although there were only two studies on walking training intervention, walking training with BFR had a better effect on bone metabolism than training without BFR.Discussion: In conclusion, LI-BFR training induces greater improvements in bone health than LI training, but is less effective than HI training. Therefore, LI-BFR training may be an effective and efficient way to improve bone health for untrained individuals, older adults, or those undergoing musculoskeletal rehabilitation.Clinical Trial Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42023411837].

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of blood flow restriction training on bone metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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“…Anabolic hormones, such as testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1, promote muscle hypertrophy via genomic (e.g., alter gene expression) and non-genomic (e.g., increase calcium release, mTOR pathway activation) signaling ( Kraemer et al, 2020 ; Gharahdaghi et al, 2021 ). These hormones also regulate bone metabolism by promoting bone formation and/or inhibiting bone resorption ( Hamdy and Appelman-Dijkstra, 2019 ; Shigehara et al, 2021 ). Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone released in response to stress, such as high intensity/volume resistance exercise that exerts catabolic effects on muscle and bone tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortisol increases energy substrate availability through protein breakdown and counteracts muscle inflammation ( Kraemer et al, 2020 ). Chronically elevated cortisol is associated with bone loss and increased bone fragility ( Hamdy and Appelman-Dijkstra, 2019 ). Acute bouts of BFR resistance exercise have been shown to stimulate significant increases in testosterone ( Madarame et al, 2010 ; Yinghao et al, 2021 ) and IGF-1 ( Takano et al, 2005 ; Madarame et al, 2010 ; Yinghao et al, 2021 ) serum concentrations; however, the hormone adaptations to chronic BFR resistance training are not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Bone Marker and Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise With and Without Blood Flow Restriction in Young Men

et al. 2022

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In this study, we compared acute and chronic bone marker and hormone responses to 6 weeks of low intensity (20% 1RM) blood flow restriction (BFR20) resistance training to high intensity (70% 1RM) traditional resistance training (TR70) and moderate intensity (45% 1RM) traditional resistance training (TR45) in young men (18–35 years). Participants were randomized to one of the training groups or to a control group (CON). The following training programs were performed 3 days per week for 6 weeks for knee extension and knee flexion exercises: BFR20, 20%1RM, 4 sets (30, 15, 15, 15 reps) wearing blood flow restriction cuffs around the proximal thighs; TR70, 70% 1RM 3 sets 10 reps; and TR45, 45% 1RM 3 sets 15 reps. Muscle strength and thigh cross-sectional area were assessed at baseline, between week 3 and 6 of training. Acute bone marker (Bone ALP, CTX-I) and hormone (testosterone, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, cortisol) responses were assessed at weeks 1 and 6, with blood collection done in the morning after an overnight fast. The main findings were that the acute bone formation marker (Bone ALP) showed significant changes for TR70 and BFR20 but there was no difference between weeks 1 and 6. TR70 had acute increases in testosterone, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 (weeks 1 and 6). BFR20 had significant acute increases in testosterone (weeks 1 and 6) and in IGF-1 at week 6, while TR45 had significant acute increases in testosterone (week 1), IGF-1 (week 6), and IGFBP-3 (week 6). Strength and muscle size gains were similar for the training groups. In conclusion, low intensity BFR resistance training was effective for stimulating acute bone formation marker and hormone responses, although TR70 showed the more consistent hormone responses than the other training groups.

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Other Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 79 publications

Effects of blood flow restriction training on bone metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of blood flow restriction training on bone metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Acute and Chronic Bone Marker and Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise With and Without Blood Flow Restriction in Young Men

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