Other-self confusions in action memory: The role of motor processes

Lindner, Isabel; Schain, Cécile; Echterhoff, Gerald

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2016.01.003

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It has been found that the observation of actions performed by another person can induce false memories of having performed the other’s actions, an effect referred to as observation inflation (Lindner et al, 2010, 2016). In the joint-action paradigm, observing the partner’s actions (i.e., responses to assigned items) may create, perhaps via motor simulation, mnemonic representations of having performed the action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Joint Action Effect on Memory as a Social Phenomenon: The Role of Cued Attention and Psychological Distance

et al. 2017

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In contrast to individual tasks, a specific social setting is created when two partners work together on a task. How does such a social setting affect memory for task-related information? We addressed this issue in a distributed joint-action paradigm, where two team partners respond to different types of information within the same task. Previous work has shown that joint action in such a task enhances memory for items that are relevant to the partner’s task but not to the own task. By removing critical, non-social confounds, we wanted to pinpoint the social nature of this selective memory advantage. Specifically, we created joint task conditions in which participants were aware of the shared nature of the concurrent task but could not perceive sensory cues to the other’s responses. For a differentiated analysis of the social parameters, we also varied the distance between partners. We found that the joint action effect emerged even without sensory cues from the partner, and it declined with increasing distance between partners. These results support the notion that the joint-action effect on memory is in its core driven by the experience of social co-presence, and does not simply emerge as a by-product of partner-generated sensory cues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Joint Action Effect on Memory as a Social Phenomenon: The Role of Cued Attention and Psychological Distance

et al. 2017

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“…Memories lacking the mirrored motoric information should be less likely to be confused for self-performed actions. In fact, Lindner et al (2016) recently showed that claims of self-performance after observation were reduced when participants had performed incongruent rather than congruent actions while watching them.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Motor Simulation Account of Source Errors for Actions in Recall

2017

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Observing someone else perform an action can lead to false memories of self-performance – the observation inflation effect. One explanation is that action simulation via mirror neuron activation during action observation is responsible for observation inflation by enriching memories of observed actions with motor representations. In three experiments we investigated this account of source memory failures, using a novel paradigm that minimized influences of verbalization and prior object knowledge. Participants worked in pairs to take turns acting out geometric shapes and letters. The next day, participants recalled either actions they had performed or those they had observed. Experiment 1 showed that participants falsely retrieved observed actions as self-performed, but also retrieved self-performed actions as observed. Experiment 2 showed that preventing participants from encoding observed actions motorically by taxing their motor system with a concurrent motor task did not lead to the predicted decrease in false claims of self-performance. Indeed, Experiment 3 showed that this was the case even if participants were asked to carefully monitor their recall. Because our data provide no evidence for a motor activation account, we also discussed our results in light of a source monitoring account.

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated a false memory phenomenon which is thought to be due to self-other confusion in the action memory of healthy individuals (e.g., Lindner et al, 2010, 2016; Schain et al, 2012). This phenomenon has been called the OI, in which people falsely remember having performed an action by oneself when in fact they have only observed the action by another person (Lindner et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding OI’s facilitating factor, it has been suggested that motor simulation using the MNS, which is activated both during performing an action and observing another’s action (Rizzolatti and Craighero, 2004), is one of the critical processes that induce false memories of self-performance (e.g., Lindner et al, 2016). Much evidence has shown the overlap of neural activation during the performance of an action and during the observation of another’s action (e.g., Grèzes and Decety, 2001); therefore, it has been considered that motor representation is created during one’s own action performance and likewise during observation of another’s actions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much evidence has shown the overlap of neural activation during the performance of an action and during the observation of another’s action (e.g., Grèzes and Decety, 2001); therefore, it has been considered that motor representation is created during one’s own action performance and likewise during observation of another’s actions. Previous studies on OI suggested that motor representation created by motor simulation induces the false attribution of self-performance (Lindner et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attentive Observation Is Essential for the Misattribution of Agency to Self-Performance

et al. 2017

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Recent studies have repeatedly demonstrated a false memory phenomenon in which people falsely remember having performed an action by oneself when in fact they have only observed the action by another person. We investigated the attentional effect to the action itself on the observation inflation. Fifty-four participants first performed and read actions (Phase 1); then, they observed the action video that showed another’s actions (Phase 2), some of which they had not performed in Phase 1. In the Phase 2, they were required to focus on either the actor’s performance (i.e., attentive observation condition) or irrelevant objects, which were presented in the background (i.e., inattentive observation condition) to modulate their attention. Around 2 weeks later, participants took a surprise source-memory test (Phase 3). In this phase, we asked them to judge whether they “performed,” “read,” or “not presented” the action in Phase 1. Three participants were removed from analysis, because they could not attend Phase 3 within 10–16 days after completion of the second phase. We found observation inflation only in the attentive condition, which contradicted the notions from other false memory studies that showed that attention to the target stimuli reduced false memory in general. We discussed the observation inflation mechanism from the perspective of the “like me” system, including the mirror neuron system, self-ownership, and self-agency.

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Other-self confusions in action memory: The role of motor processes

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

The Joint Action Effect on Memory as a Social Phenomenon: The Role of Cued Attention and Psychological Distance

The Joint Action Effect on Memory as a Social Phenomenon: The Role of Cued Attention and Psychological Distance

Testing the Motor Simulation Account of Source Errors for Actions in Recall

Attentive Observation Is Essential for the Misattribution of Agency to Self-Performance

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