Other Worlds: Introduction to the Special Issue on the &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;EAWE: Examination of Anomalous World Experience&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;

Sass, Louis A.; Pienkos, Elizabeth; Fuchs, Thomas

doi:10.1159/000456215

Cited by 16 publications

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“…Several core texts of phenomenological psychopathology are listed in the references to this document. Specific discussion of the EAWE domains (and relevant references) can be found in three articles by Sass and Pienkos and also in a series of ancillary articles devoted to each of the six EAWE domains (see Sass et al [3] for these references).…”

Section: General Guidelines For Conducting the Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the goal is not to measure or to seek causal explanations. Following the phenomenological principle of the epoché , or bracketing (for further discussion, see Sass et al [3]), the interview should avoid questions of whether an experience was actually veridical or not, or what mechanism or theory (e.g., neurocognitive or psychodynamic) might explain it, except insofar as such interpretations were implicit in the original experience itself. (Domain 6, Existential orientation, can be something of an exception, since it explicitly queries opinions or interpretations of experience or the world.)…”

Section: General Guidelines For Conducting the Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EAWE was developed to capture those aspects of schizophrenia that pertain more directly to the experience of and orientation to the external world . Self-experience and world experience are, however, closely intertwined and sometimes overlapping: virtually all phenomenologists have emphasized the intimate relationship between subjective and objective aspects or poles of the act of consciousness (for further discussion, see Sass et al [3]). Accordingly, distortions of “ipseity” or basic self-experience might be expected to be correlated and interconnected with a loosening or other distortion of what might be termed the “grip,” “hold,” or “grasp” that the subject has on the world [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EAWE: Examination of Anomalous World Experience

et al. 2017

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The “EAWE: Examination of Anomalous World Experience” is a detailed semi-structured interview format whose aim is to elicit description and discussion of a person's experience of various aspects of their lived world. The instrument is grounded in the tradition of phenomenological psychopathology and aims to explore, in a qualitatively rich manner, six key dimensions of subjectivity - namely, a person's experience of: (1) Space and objects, (2) Time and events, (3) Other persons, (4) Language (whether spoken or written), (5) Atmosphere (overall sense of reality, familiarity, vitality, meaning, or relevance), and (6) Existential orientation (values, attitudes, and worldviews). The EAWE is based on and primarily directed toward experiences thought to be common in, and sometimes distinctive of, schizophrenia spectrum conditions. It can, however, also be used to investigate anomalies of world experience in other populations. After a theoretical and methodological introduction, the EAWE lists 75 specific items, often with subtypes, in its six domains, together with illustrative quotations from patients. The EAWE appears in a special issue of Psychopathology that also contains an orienting preface (where the difficulty as well as necessity of studying subjective life is acknowledged) and a brief reliability report. Also included are six ancillary or background articles, which survey phenomenologically oriented theory, research, and clinical lore relevant to the six experiential domains.

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Section: General Guidelines For Conducting the Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Guidelines For Conducting the Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EAWE: Examination of Anomalous World Experience

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“…Due to the intertwining of self-and world experiences, the scales have a number of overlapping items. Unlike the EASE, which was designed to capture the various manifestations of a core disturbance of ipseity or minimal selfhood [6], the EAWE's primary objective is to facilitate a wideranging exploration of anomalous experiences, in schizophrenia and beyond [8,19]. One possible outcome of extensive EAWE research might be to identify which specific EAWE items or subtypes, among the many, tend to be most characteristic of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in particular, bearing in mind that these individual items or subtypes might not cluster in any single EAWE domain.…”

Section: Examination Of Anomalous World Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Experience of Self and World: Administration of the EASE and EAWE Scales to Four Subjects with Schizophrenia

Englebert

Monville²,

Valentiny

et al. 2019

Psychopathology

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The aim of this paper was to study anomalies of self-and world experience in schizophrenia from a phenomenological perspective through the use of the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) and Examination of Anomalous World Experience (EAWE) interviews. Four patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia were interviewed with both the EASE and the EAWE. A qualitative analysis of these interviews was carried out on all the data; quantitative scores were also assigned, based on the frequency and intensity of the items endorsed by the subjects. In the EASE, the subjects endorsed an average frequency of 45% of all items. In the EAWE, the subjects endorsed an average frequency of 26% of all items. Furthermore, the EAWE data indicated more heterogeneous profiles of experience than the EASE data. This heterogeneity is not surprising, given that the EAWE was designed to be a more broad-based or less targeted exploration of various changes likely to be associated with the schizophrenia spectrum (but also with certain other conditions). Our data suggest that although disturbances of world experience may always be present in schizophrenia, they may take numerous and varied forms. Because the experience of the world occurs across many different modalities, disturbances of this experience would be fundamentally less unitary, whereas the experience of the self presents a more coherent and unitary gestalt. These results show a certain overlapping between the scales while also indicating the potential value of a combined use of the two instruments. Finally, we discuss the relationship between experiential description and behavioral observation, and their potentially complementary value in exploring the first-person perspective, particularly in the case of experiences that occur at a more prereflective level.

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“…Many of these studies have used the EASE (Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience), a semi-structured, phenomenological interview that emphasizes disturbances in self-experience common in schizophrenia spectrum disorders [6] . Given that experiences of the self and of the external world are intimately related (for further discussion, see Sass et al [7] ), it seems likely that thorough examination of the lived world might also reveal anomalies particular to individuals in the schizophrenia spectrum, and possibly other disorders, and, more generally, would encourage careful exploration of this important dimension of subjective life.…”

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Examination of Anomalous World Experience: A Report on Reliability

et al. 2017

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Background: The EAWE (Examination of Anomalous World Experience) is a newly developed, semi-structured interview that aims to capture anomalies of subjectivity, common in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, that pertain to experiences of the lived world, including space, time, people, language, atmosphere, and certain existential attitudes. By contrast, previous empirical studies of subjective experience in schizophrenia have focused largely on disturbances in self-experience. Aim: To assess the reliability of the EAWE, including internal consistency and interrater reliability. Sampling and Methods: In the course of developing the EAWE, two distinct studies were conducted, one in the United States and the other in Slovenia. Thirteen patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum or mood disorders were recruited for the US study. Fifteen such patients were recruited for the Slovenian study. Two live interviewers conducted the EAWE in the US. The Slovenian interviews were completed by one live interviewer with a second rater reviewing audiorecordings of the interview. Internal consistency and interrater reliability were calculated independently for each study, utilizing Cronbach's α, Spearman's ρ, and Cohen's κ. Results: Each study yielded high internal consistency (Cronbach's α >0.82) and high interrater reliability for total EAWE scores (ρ > 0.83; average κ values were at least 0.78 for each study, with EAWE domain-specific κ not lower than 0.73). Conclusion: The EAWE, containing world-oriented inquiries into anomalies in subjective experience, has adequate reliability for use in a clinical or research setting.

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Other Worlds: Introduction to the Special Issue on the <b><i>EAWE: Examination of Anomalous World Experience</i></b>

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

EAWE: Examination of Anomalous World Experience

EAWE: Examination of Anomalous World Experience

Anomalous Experience of Self and World: Administration of the EASE and EAWE Scales to Four Subjects with Schizophrenia

Examination of Anomalous World Experience: A Report on Reliability

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