Ototoxicity of Topically Applied Chloramphenicol

Proud, G. O.; Mittelman, Harry; Seiden, Gerald D.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1968.00760060582005

Cited by 39 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…(1967) reported that, when applied topically, chloramphenicol is toxic to the cochlea, and they advocated extra care in the topical use of chloramphenicol. Histopathologically also it has been confirmed that, when topically applied, chloramphenicol is harmful to the hair cells, supporting cells and stria vascularis of the basal turn of the cochlea (Proud et al 1968). There is a paucity of literature on the ototoxic effect of chloramphenicol when administered systemically, and to the best of our knowledge only two reports have appeared so far in the literature: Gargye and Dutta (1959) reported a case of nerve deafness following heavy doses of chloramphenicol in a child.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cholarmphenicol ototoxicity

Iqbal¹,

Srivatsav²

1984

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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A case of bilateral profound sensori-neural hearing loss following systemic administration of chloramphenicol is reported because of its rarity. The hearing loss was gradually progressive, involving one ear; and with a repeat course of the drug, the other ear too was involved. An idiosyncratic or allergic response to previous exposure to the drug may be the cause of the toxicity. One should be careful in prescribing the drug repeatedly; when this is done, the patient must be carefully observed for possible toxic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cholarmphenicol ototoxicity

Iqbal¹,

Srivatsav²

1984

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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“…Animal experiments have shown that the round window membrane, despite being three-layered, behaves like a semipermeable membrane. Antibiotics (Bagger-Sjoback et al, 1992;Gullick and Patterson, 1963;Morizono and Johnstone, 1975a,b;Proud et al, 1968;Schuknecht, 1957;Smith and Myers, 1979;Webster et al, 1970;Wersall et al, 1971), antiseptics (Morizono et al, 1973;Morizono and Sikora, 1982), arachidonic acid metabolites (Jung et al, 1992), local anesthetics (Rahm et al, 1960;Hoft, 1969), toxins (Goycoolea et al, 1980c;Kawauchi et al, 1988;Lundman et al, 1992a,b;Lundman, 1993;Spandow et al, 1988Spandow et al, , 1989, and albumin (Goldberg et al, 1981;Goycoolea et al, 1980b;Hamaguchi et al, 1988;Juhn et al, 1988), placed in the round window niche, can either be recovered in perilymph or observed to cause inner ear changes, such as hair cell damage. Morphologic demonstration that passage of substances from the middle to the inner ear can occur through the membrane has been provided by reports of passage of cationic ferritin, horseradish-peroxidase, 1 µm latex spheres, and neomycin-gold spheres.…”

Section: Round Window Membrane Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Round window membrane. Structure function and permeability: A review

Goycoolea¹,

Lundman²

1997

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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The ultrastructure of the round window membrane of humans, monkeys, felines, and rodents discloses three basic layers: an outer epithelium, a middle core of connective tissue, and an inner epithelium. Interspecies variations are mainly in terms of thickness, being thinnest in rodents and thicker in humans. Morphologic evidence suggests that the layers of the round window participate in absorption and secretion of substances to and from the inner ear, and that the entire membrane could play a role in the defense system of the ear. Different substances, including antibiotics, local anesthetics, and tracers such as cationic ferritin, horseradish peroxidase, and 1 mu latex microspheres, are placed in the middle ear side traverse the membrane. Cationic ferritin and 1 micron microspheres placed in perilymph become incorporated by the inner epithelial cells of the membrane. Permeability is selective; factors include size, concentration, liposolubility, electrical charge, and thickness of the membrane. Passage of substances through the round window membrane is by different pathways, the nature of which is seemingly decided at the outer epithelium of the round window membrane.

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“…Previous ultrastructural studies of the RWM in several species [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] have shown that the RWM is composed of three layers: the epithelial layer lining the middle ear cavity, the mid dle layer containing fibroblasts and fiber components, and the inner layer facing the perilymph. It has been fully investigated by animal experiments that various sub stances such as horseradish peroxidase [8], radioactive isotopes [9,10], proteins [10], antibiotics [11][12][13][14], toxins [15] and ferritin [14] can pass into the scala tympani via the RWM. It is also well accepted that the RWM plays a role in releasing the perilymphatic pressure produced by the movement of the stapes and is an alternative route for sound energy to enter the cochlea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subepithelial Fiber Components of the Round Window Membrane of the Guinea Pig: An Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study

Yoshihara

Kaname²,

Ishii³

et al. 1995

ORL

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Subepithelial fiber components of the round window membrane (RWM) of the guinea pig were studied by the following methods: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with NaOH treatment, high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) and immunohistochemical staining. SEM observation revealed intersecting collagen fibers and a vascular network in the middle layer. TEM observation showed that at the attachment region to the bone fïbroblasts, collagen fibers and elastic fibers were intermingled with each other, and mesenchymal cells (bone-lining cells) were scattered on the surface of the bone. The cytoplasmic processes of fibroblasts and bone-lining cells were connected by interdigitations. HVEM demonstrated that collagen fibers of the RWM were directly linked to the fibers of the bone matrix. Immunohistochemically, the middle layer was positive for antibody to type I collagen. Immunoreaction for fibronectin was also positive at the middle layer and most intense in the region attached to the bone. Thus, the RWM is securely attached to the bone by type I collagen fibers together with the bone-lining cells and fibroblasts.

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Ototoxicity of Topically Applied Chloramphenicol

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Cholarmphenicol ototoxicity

Cholarmphenicol ototoxicity

Round window membrane. Structure function and permeability: A review

Subepithelial Fiber Components of the Round Window Membrane of the Guinea Pig: An Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study

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