Our World as an Expanding Shell

Abstract

In the model where the Universe is considered as a thin shell expanding in 5-dimensional hyperspace there is a possibility to have just one scale for a particle theory corresponding to the Universe thickness. From a realistic model the relation of this parameter to the Universe size was found.

Exploiting Bulk Agent Approach for Conflict Resolution in Multi Agent Systems

“…According to those explanations particles are confined on a hyper-surface (called Brane) embedded in a higher dimension (called Bulk). [10] According to the Brane Cosmology our Time and space defines a 4 dimensions and the Brane is compacted to this 4 dimensions and restricted to the higher dimensions [2,6,10]. Higher dimensions are called "Bulk".…”

“…So the bulk and other branes have the influence effect on our brain which cannot be seen in standard models [2,6,10]. Any Brane has its corresponding dimension.…”

Riemannian Superspaces, Exact Solutions and the Geometrical Meaning of the Field Localization

“…It was suggested in Refs. [34,35] that gravitational interactions between particles on a brane in uncompactified five dimensional space could have the correct four dimensional Newtonian behaviour, provided that the bulk cosmological constant and the brane tension are related. Recently, it was found by Randall and Sundrum that gravitons can be localized on a brane which separates two patches of AdS 5 space-time [36,37].…”

“…Recently, it was found by Randall and Sundrum that gravitons can be localized on a brane which separates two patches of AdS 5 space-time [36,37]. The necessary requirement for the four-dimensional brane Universe to be static is that the tension of the brane is fine-tuned to the bulk cosmological constant [34][35][36][37]. By the other hand, recent papers present an interesting model in which the extra dimensions are used only as a mathematical tool taking advantage of the AdS/CFT correspondence that claims that the 5D warped dimension is related with a strongly coupled 4D theory [38].…”

Does the Big Rip survive quantization?

“…The most radical of such proposals do away with dark energy altogether either by ascribing the observed acceleration of the Universe to back-reaction of cosmological perturbations [46,47] or to a postulated modification of general relativity through the addition of inverse curvature terms to the Einstein-Hilbert action [48][49][50][51]. Other models without dark energy are based on such disparate schemes as taking the Universe to be an expanding spherical 3-brane [52] or imputing the origin of the cosmic acceleration to the short range interaction of fundamental particles [53,54]. Cosmological evolution in the presence of phantom energy without a Big Rip seems possible, as in the so-called "hessence" models [55], in which a non-canonical complex scalar field plays the role of dark energy and the equation-of-state parameter can cross the phantom divide w = −1.…”