Out-Group Animus and Punitiveness in Latin America

Lehmann, Peter; Chouhy, Cecilia; Singer, Alexa J.; Stevens, Jessica N.; Gertz, Marc

doi:10.1177/0011128719839354

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…Much of this work builds on group-based threat theories, which posit that the association between subordinate groups and criminality is a powerful means of maintaining dominant group power, allowing dominant group members to justify harsh policies that primarily target minority groups by claiming they are necessary to protect the innocent (Unnever 2014). 4 A link between racial and ethnic animus and punitive attitudes has also been documented in Europe, Canada, Japan (Ousey and Unnever 2012; Unnever and Cullen 2010; Unnever, Cullen, and Jonson 2008), and Latin America (Lehmann et al 2020).…”

Section: Protester Identity and Nonviolent Resistancementioning

confidence: 94%

“…A number of studies, for example, find that anti-Muslim prejudice in Europe is significantly higher than prejudice against other foreigners or immigrants (Adida, Laitin, and Valfort 2016; Spruyt and van der Noll 2017; Strabac and Listhaug 2008). And in Latin America, studies have found evidence for negative stereotypes of Black people (Lehmann et al 2020; Peña, Sidanius, and Sawyer 2004).…”

Section: Protester Identity and Nonviolent Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective for Whom? Ethnic Identity and Nonviolent Resistance

Manekin

Mitts

2021

Am Polit Sci Rev

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A growing literature finds that nonviolence is more successful than violence in effecting political change. We suggest that a focus on this association is incomplete, because it obscures the crucial influence of ethnic identity on campaign outcomes. We argue that because of prevalent negative stereotypes associating minority ethnic groups with violence, such groups are perceived as more violent even when resisting nonviolently, increasing support for their repression and ultimately hampering campaign success. We show that, cross-nationally, the effect of nonviolence on outcomes is significantly moderated by ethnicity, with nonviolence increasing success only for dominant groups. We then test our argument using two experiments in the United States and Israel. Study 1 finds that nonviolent resistance by ethnic minorities is perceived as more violent and requiring more policing than identical resistance by majorities. Study 2 replicates and extends the results, leveraging the wave of racial justice protests across the US in June 2020 to find that white participants are perceived as less violent than Black participants when protesting for the same goals. These findings highlight the importance of ethnic identity in shaping campaign perceptions and outcomes, underscoring the obstacles that widespread biases pose to nonviolent mobilization.

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Section: Protester Identity and Nonviolent Resistancementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Protester Identity and Nonviolent Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effective for Whom? Ethnic Identity and Nonviolent Resistance

Manekin

Mitts

2021

Am Polit Sci Rev

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“…The breadth and diversity of these surveys provide opportunities for exploring criminological phenomena and theory testing (Schaible, 2012). Using these datasets, researchers have examined topics related to anomie (Hovermann et al, 2016;Zhao & Cao, 2010), victimization (Bateson, 2012;Sulemana, 2015), feelings of safety (Buil-Gil et al, 2019), trust in police (Cao & Dai, 2006;Corbacho et al, 2015;Jackson et al, 2011;Singer et al, 2019), intimate partner violence (Goodson & Hayes, 2018;Heise & Kotsadam, 2015), bullying (Chester et al, 2015;Smith-Khuri et al, 2004), vigilantism and punishment (Lehmann et al, 2020;Nivette, 2016), and delinquency and youth groups (Enzmann et al, 2010;Gatti et al, 2011Gatti et al, , 2015.…”

Section: Cross-national Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Availability and Potential of International Data for Criminological Study

Nivette

2021

Int Criminol

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Despite advances in recent decades to internationalize criminology, one major roadblock that is often mentioned is the difficulty in collecting and obtaining high-quality international and cross-cultural data. More than ever, there is a growing amount of international data covering a wide variety of topics relevant to understanding crime. Visible and accessible international data can open up channels for dialogue and collaboration between cultures and regions, as well as opportunities to test, refine, and develop theoretical and empirical knowledge. This paper therefore aims to make the ‘world of data’ out there more visible not only to shed light on the potential for international research and collaboration, but to highlight the growing, rich body of international knowledge that already exists.

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“…There is considerable empirical evidence to suggest that the minority group threat hypothesis has impacted significantly on crime-control policy in the United States (e.g., Behrens et al, 2003; Earl et al, 2003; Jacobs & Carmichael, 2001; Liska et al, 1985). However, only a few studies have focused on the importance of racial animus as a source of punitive attitudes in contexts other than the United States and Europe (Lehmann et al, 2020). The present cross-national study aims to extend the literature by applying the racial animus model to assess punitive attitudes for different crime types.…”

Section: The Racial Animus Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial animus and its association with punitive sentencing and crime types: Do Australian community attitudes reflect the United States’?

Brookman

DeSoto²,

Tajalli

2021

Journal of Criminology

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The racial animus model argues that public support for punitive sentencing of criminal offenders is shaped by threat perceptions associated with cultural minority groups. This study applies the racial animus model to examine support for the punitive sentencing of criminal offenders in the United States and Australia. It also examines whether racial animus mediates the possible difference in punitive attitudes between each country toward different crime types. Online survey data were obtained in the US and Australia to assess racial animus and punitive attitudes using six different crime scenarios. Results indicate that (a) individuals with higher levels of racial animus demonstrate greater levels of punitiveness; (b) Australians have higher levels of racial animus as compared to their US counterparts; and (c) racial animus mediates the difference of punitive attitudes between the two countries. Overall, punitive attitudes and racial animus vary cross-culturally, with Australians demonstrating more racial animus. Our mediation model provides evidence for the importance of racial animus in the cross-cultural demand for the punishment of criminal offenders.

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Out-Group Animus and Punitiveness in Latin America

Cited by 13 publications

References 93 publications

Effective for Whom? Ethnic Identity and Nonviolent Resistance

Effective for Whom? Ethnic Identity and Nonviolent Resistance

Exploring the Availability and Potential of International Data for Criminological Study

Racial animus and its association with punitive sentencing and crime types: Do Australian community attitudes reflect the United States’?

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