Out of Attica:

Fachard, Sylvian; Knodell, Alex R.

doi:10.2307/j.ctv15vwjjg.49

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Across mountainous landscapes, road engineers went to considerable lengths to make steeper slopes passable either for carts or on foot. If the terrain allowed, road-beds were carved from the bedrock and supported with retaining walls, as at Phyle (Fachard and Pirisino 2015, 141). Equally, there is evidence for non-carriage roads that supported travel with a mule or on foot.…”

Section: The Athenian Road Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To facilitate travel across a mountainous landscape, such as Attica, ancient road builders engineered switchbacks; 17 paths across hillsides were levelled out by cutting into the slope and creating retaining walls, which in turn allowed the movement of people along steeper elevations (Hammond 1954, 105–6; Fachard and Pirisino 2015, 141). Some of the best examples of ancient road engineering in Attica are ‘Hammond's Road’ (the route from Boeotia to the Peloponnese), the ‘Road of the Towers’, Oinoe Road and Panakton Road; there are several places along these routes that feature switchbacks, terrace walls, levelling out of slopes and wheel-ruts cut into the bedrock, all of which illustrate the care taken to make steeper elevations passable for pedestrians and wheeled vehicles (Fachard and Pirisino 2015, 140–1). Figure 2 illustrates the nature of Hammond's Road and, in particular, how ancient road engineers cut into the slope to make steeper elevations passable.…”

Section: The Athenian Road Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that parts of Attica had constructed roads, as opposed to dirt tracks, from the Mycenaean period onward (Kakavogianni 2009, 183; Fachard and Knodell forthcoming). For later periods, we have limited evidence, based on ancient testimonia, that, during the Archaic period, Hipparchus set up herms along routes through Attica ([Plato], Hipparchus 228d; Quinn 2007, 94–5) 18 .…”

Section: The Athenian Road Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sole surviving example of such a herm ( IG I 3 1023) was discovered at the mid-point between Athens and ancient Kephale (Pritchett 1965, 161; Lohmann 2002, 77; Tomlinson 2002, 35). This type of monument, according to Ps-Plato, was set up across ‘Attica along the roads in the midst of the city and every district town’ ([Plato], Hipparchus 228d); they served not only as distance markers, but also encouraged the population to make connections between settlements across the landscape (Fachard and Pirisino 2015, 143) 19 . The setting-up of these herms implies that there was a road network in place in Attica, at least, by the Archaic period (Kakavogianni 2009, 183–4).…”

Section: The Athenian Road Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent interest in the role of roads as essential facilitators of connectivity has offered significant insight into the social role of roads more generally (Gibson 2007; Arrington 2010; Sobak 2015). 4 For example, the work of Sylvian Fachard and Daniele Pirisino (2015) illuminates the importance of roads for cross-border community interactions and connectivity along the Athenian borderland. Moreover, Erin Gibson (2007) focusses upon the archaeology of movement, particularly on how roads act as facilitators for social interactions within the local community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Going the Extra Mile: Travel, Time and Distance in Classical Attica

McHugh

2019

Annu. Br. Sch. Athens

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The aim of this paper is to explore the physical connectivity of Attica by examining the realities of travel for Athenians wishing to engage with wider civic, social, economic and cultic institutions. This will be achieved by focussing upon the practicalities of short-, medium- and long-distance travel with the aim of differentiating aspects, modes and reasons for travel. This investigation will be realised through a series of computational scenarios created on the basis of a combination of ancient and nineteenth-century accounts of journeys through Attica along with the archaeological evidence of the Athenian road system. The results of this study shed light upon the constraints on, and opportunities for, participation in wider practices and the experience of travel for the individual traveller. Recent studies have shown there were many spaces in Attica that provided opportunities for Athenians to come together, to interact with each other and participate in civic, ritual and social institutions. The ultimate conclusions of this study will help to illustrate the fundamental connectivity and active engagement of the traveller with the Athenian landscape.

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Section: The Athenian Road Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Athenian Road Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Athenian Road Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Athenian Road Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Going the Extra Mile: Travel, Time and Distance in Classical Attica

McHugh

2019

Annu. Br. Sch. Athens

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Going to See the Nymphs: Landscape and Religious Experience at the Zar Trypa Cave (Mount Ossa, Thessaly)

Blomley

2023

Annu. Br. Sch. Athens

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This paper focuses on the little-known but important cave-sanctuary of Zar Trypa on Mount Ossa (modern Kissavos) in north-eastern Thessaly. In 1910, research conducted at the site uncovered remains of votives from the Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods, including a group of eight inscriptions dedicated to the Nymphs. Despite this remarkable epigraphic assemblage, the site was not investigated beyond a single excavation season and today is largely unknown. Consequently, the Zar Trypa cave and its finds have never featured prominently in the discussion of Thessalian religion or of Greek ‘natural’ sanctuaries. Combining archival studies, on-site observations and GIS-based methods of landscape archaeology, this paper sets out to re-assess the surviving archaeological evidence from the Zar Trypa cave, to examine the spatial setting of ritual activity at the site, and to place the cave in the context of Mount Ossa's natural environment and ancient settlement pattern. Drawing on the methodological framework of ‘lived religion’, this assessment not only contributes towards our understanding of ancient religious experiences at the Zar Trypa cave, but also addresses broader questions such as the significance and meaning of ‘sacred travel’ in pre-Christian antiquity.

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The Oxford History of the Archaic Greek World, Volume II

Osborne

2023

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This book introduces the history and archaeology of ancient Athens in the period 800–500 bce. Following the standard arrangement of the Oxford History of the Archaic Greek World series, it deals successively with the sources; environmental setting; material culture (settlement pattern, burial customs, ceramic production); political, legal, and diplomatic history; economy and demography; social and religious customs; and cultural history (including history of sculpture) of archaic Athens. It provides not only a full and up-to-date guide to all these various aspects of Athenian history and archaeology, but also an integrated history that shows how the different aspects fit together. The reader is guided through an exciting story of the way in which the territory of Attica was re-occupied after the collapse of Bronze Age civilization; how Athens emerged as the dominant settlement; how the claims of family, place, and wealth were played out against one another; and how the Athenians came to place themselves both in relation to the wider Greek world and in relation to the gods. The account is illustrated with abundant maps and photographs that bring the world of Athens to life and enable the reader to recreate life on the ground. The political and cultural achievements of classical Athens (democracy, tragedy, the Parthenon, and its sculpture) rested upon the foundations created in the archaic period, but this book shows that archaic Athens did not merely provide foundations for what came later, but it offered a fascinating history and culture of its own.

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Out of Attica:

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Going the Extra Mile: Travel, Time and Distance in Classical Attica

Going the Extra Mile: Travel, Time and Distance in Classical Attica

Going to See the Nymphs: Landscape and Religious Experience at the Zar Trypa Cave (Mount Ossa, Thessaly)

The Oxford History of the Archaic Greek World, Volume II

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