Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices

Berdyugin, A. I.; Xin, Na; Gao, Haoyang; Slizovskiy, Sergey; Dong, Zhenghong; Bhattacharjee, Shubhadeep; Kumaravadivel, Piranavan; Xu, Shuigang; Пономаренко, Л. А.; Holwill, Matthew; Bandurin, Denis; Kim, Minsoo; Cao, Yang; Greenaway, M. T.; Новоселов, К. С.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Fal’ko, Vladimir I.; Levitov, Leonid; Kumar, Roshan Krishna; Geǐm, A. K.

doi:10.1126/science.abi8627

Cited by 52 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We can calucate the charge inhomogeneity (∆n) near the Dirac point from the minima in the dV /dI. This gives ∆n = J min ev f ≈ 5 × 10 10 cm −2 , which is similar to those reported in encapsulated graphene [33]. The metallic behavior at higher I DC has been attributed to a Schwinger production of electron hole plasma in graphene [33].…”

Section: Current Bias Measurementssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The three different Scaling behaviors with changing n can be rationalized as follows. For Scaling behavior I, electrical transport is dominated by the formation of charge puddles, leading to an insulating behavior at low DC currents, with a transition to metallic behavior for increasing DC current [29,30,32,33]. The initial drop in resistance is associated with electric field assisted interband carrier generation [32].…”

Section: Current Bias Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electronic Poiseuille Flow in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Encapsulated Graphene FETs

Huang¹,

Paul²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Electron-electron interactions in graphene are sufficiently strong to induce a correlated and momentum-conserving flow such that charge carriers behave similarly to the Hagen-Poiseuille flow of a classical fluid. In the current work, we investigate the electronic signatures of such a viscous charge flow in high-mobility graphene FETs. In two complementary measurement schemes, we monitor differential resistance of graphene for different channel widths and for different effective electron temperatures. By combining both approaches, the presence of viscous effects is verified in a temperature range starting from 178 K and extending up to room temperature. Our experimental findings are supported by finite element calculations of the graphene channel, which also provide design guidelines for device geometries that exhibit increased viscous effects. The presence of viscous effects near room temperature opens up avenues for functional hydrodynamic devices such as geometric rectifiers like a Tesla valve and charge amplifiers based on electronic Venturi effect.

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Section: Current Bias Measurementssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Current Bias Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Poiseuille Flow in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Encapsulated Graphene FETs

Huang¹,

Paul²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Consequently, the degenerate spinors given by Eq. (3) could also be related to the Schwinger effect [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section:      =+mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degenerate solutions to the Dirac equation for massive particles and their applications in quantum tunneling

et al. 2021

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In a recent work we have proven the existence of degenerate solutions to the Dirac equation, corresponding to an infinite number of different electromagnetic fields, providing also some examples regarding massless particles. In the present article our results are extended significantly, providing degenerate solutions to the Dirac equation for particles with arbitrary mass, which, under certain conditions, could be interpreted as pairs of particles (or antiparticles) moving in a potential barrier with energy equal to the height of the barrier and spin opposite to each other. We calculate the electromagnetic fields corresponding to these solutions, providing also some examples regarding both spatially constant electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic waves. Further, we discuss some potential applications of our work, mainly regarding the control of the particles outside the potential barrier, without affecting their state inside the barrier. Finally, we study the effect of small perturbations to the degenerate solutions, showing that our results are still valid, in an approximate sense, provided that the amplitude of the electromagnetic fields corresponding to the exact degenerate solutions is sufficiently small.

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“…Recent progress on nonlinearities in graphene superlattices [54] suggests that experiments at moderate finite bias on graphene-based systems are possible. By tuning the graphene superlattices to the QAH state and sweeping the bias, the nonlinear corrections, as well as the nonreciprocity they produce might be accessible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

General nonlinear Hall current in magnetic insulators beyond the quantum anomalous Hall effect

Kaplan

Holder

Yan

2022

Preprint

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Can a generic magnetic insulator exhibit a Hall current? The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) is one example of an insulating bulk carrying a quantized Hall conductivity and other insulators (with zero Chern number) present zero Hall conductance in the linear response regime. Here, we find that a general magnetic insulator possesses a nonlinear Hall conductivity quadratic to the electric field if the system breaks inversion symmetry. This conductivity originates from an induced orbital magnetization due to virtual interband transitions. We identify three contributions to the wavepacket motion, a velocity shift, a positional shift, and a Berry curvature renormalization. In contrast to the crystalline solid, we find that this nonlinear Hall conductivity vanishes for Landau levels of a 2D electron gas, indicating a fundamental difference between the QAHE and the Integer quantum Hall effect.

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Out-of-equilibrium criticalities in graphene superlattices

Cited by 52 publications

References 42 publications

Electronic Poiseuille Flow in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Encapsulated Graphene FETs

Electronic Poiseuille Flow in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Encapsulated Graphene FETs

Degenerate solutions to the Dirac equation for massive particles and their applications in quantum tunneling

General nonlinear Hall current in magnetic insulators beyond the quantum anomalous Hall effect

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