“…In doing this, Spence placed the kitchen at the centre of the discourse of modernity, challenging well-established associations between 'back' and 'front' (Johnson, 2006). Narratives of 'operational efficiency' (Meah, 2016, p.43), and a process of 'aestheticization' (Hand & Shove, 2004, p.243) freed the kitchen from the 'back' (Forty, 1986;Sparke, 1995) and made it a streamlined space that could be linked to the living area (Cieraad, 2002;Matrix, 1984). Merging interior spaces was 'an often-used device by Modern architects' (Llewellyn, 2004a, p.54), which allowed the connection between kitchen and other rooms.…”