Out of Step and Out of Touch: Queensland's 2014 Youth Justice Amendments

O’Leary, Jodie

doi:10.1080/10345329.2014.12036013

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In Australia, cases involving young people are generally dealt with separately from adults in a specialized criminal justice system, known as the youth justice system (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2020). Over the study period, young people in Queensland, Australia, who were charged with an offense while they were aged 10 to 16 years came under the responsibility of Youth Justice Queensland (O’Leary, 2014). In some circumstances, young people in youth detention or under youth justice supervision could remain in the youth justice system after the age of 16 (O’Leary, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We examined violence-related deaths among justice-involved young people in Queensland, Australia. In this study, youth justice records for 48,647 young people (10-18 years at baseline) who were charged, or experienced a community-based order or youth detention in Queensland, Australia (1993-2014 were probabilistically linked with death, coroner, and adult correctional records . We calculated violence-related crude mortality rates (CMRs) and age-and sexstandardized mortality ratios (SMRs).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Violence-Related Death in Young Australians After Contact With the Youth Justice System: A Data Linkage Study

Willoughby

Young

Borschmann

et al. 2023

J Interpers Violence

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Little is known outside of the United States about the risk of violence-related death among young people who have had contact with the youth justice system (justice-involved young people). We examined violence-related deaths among justice-involved young people in Queensland, Australia. In this study, youth justice records for 48,647 young people (10–18 years at baseline) who were charged, or experienced a community-based order or youth detention in Queensland, Australia (1993–2014) were probabilistically linked with death, coroner, and adult correctional records (1993–2016). We calculated violence-related crude mortality rates (CMRs) and age- and sex-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). We constructed a cause-specific Cox regression model to identify predictors of violence-related deaths. Of 1,328 deaths in the cohort, 57 (4%) were from violence. The violence-related CMR was 9.5 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] [7.4, 12.4]) and the SMR was 6.8 [5.3, 8.9]. Young Indigenous people had a greater risk of violence-related death than non-Indigenous people (cause-specific hazard ratio [csHR] 2.5; [1.5, 4.4]). Young people who experienced detention had more than twice the risk of violence-related death than those who were charged only (csHR 2.5; [1.2, 5.3]). We found that justice-involved young people have a risk of dying from violence that far exceeds that of the general population. The rate of violence-related death found in this study is lower than that in U.S.-based studies, which most likely reflects lower population level firearm violence in Australia. In Australia, young Indigenous people and those released from detention appear key groups to target for violence prevention efforts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence-Related Death in Young Australians After Contact With the Youth Justice System: A Data Linkage Study

Willoughby

Young

Borschmann

et al. 2023

J Interpers Violence

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“…Youth justice system contact included being charged with an offence, with or without being found guilty, or being found guilty of an offence and subsequently being sentenced to a community-based or a custodial order (i.e., youth detention). During the study period, Youth Justice Queensland was responsible for young people aged 10 to 16 years who came in contact with the youth justice system [ 14 ]. Once sentenced, some young people could remain in youth detention or under youth justice supervision in the community after the age of 16 [ 14 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the study period, Youth Justice Queensland was responsible for young people aged 10 to 16 years who came in contact with the youth justice system [ 14 ]. Once sentenced, some young people could remain in youth detention or under youth justice supervision in the community after the age of 16 [ 14 ]. For this reason, young people up to the age of 18 years at baseline are included in our cohort.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumstances and toxicology of violence-related deaths among young people who have had contact with the youth justice system: a data linkage study

et al. 2021

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Background Young people who have had contact with the youth justice system have an increased risk of dying from violence. Examining the context of violence-related deaths is essential in informing prevention strategies. We examined the circumstances and toxicology of violence-related deaths among young people who have had contact with the youth justice system in Queensland, Australia. Methods This data linkage study linked youth justice records from Queensland, Australia (30 June 1993-1 July 2014) on 48,670 young people to national death and coroner records (1 July 2000-1 January 2017). Circumstances and toxicology of deaths were coded from coroner’s records. We calculated the incidence of violence-related deaths that were reported to a coroner. Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine crude differences in the circumstances and toxicology of violence-related death, according to sex and Indigenous status. Results There were 982 deaths reported to a coroner in the cohort. Of which, 36 (4%) were from violence-related causes (incidence: 6 per 100,000 person-years, 95% confidence interval: 4-8). People who died from violence were most frequently male (n = 28/36; 78%), and almost half were Indigenous (n = 16/36; 44%). The majority of violence-related deaths involved a weapon (n = 24/36; 67%), most commonly a knife (n = 17/36; 47%). Compared to men where the violent incident was most frequently preceded by an altercation (n = 12/28; 43%), for women it was frequently preceded by a relationship breakdown or argument (n < 5; p = 0.004). Substances most commonly present in toxicology reports were cannabis (n = 16/23; 70%) and alcohol (n = 15/23; 65%). Conclusions Therapeutic alcohol and other drug programs, both in the community and detention, are likely important for reducing violence-related deaths among young people who have had contact with the youth justice system. The majority of violence-related deaths among women were in the context of intimate partner violence, indicating the urgent need for interventions that prevent intimate partner violence in this population. Diversion programs and increased investment in health and social services may reduce the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in the youth justice system and in violence-related deaths.

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“…The United Nations is very focused on remand and many amendments have been made to youth justice legislation in countries the world over to ensure that young people are separated from adults and only held for short periods (Ericson and Vinson, 2010). In direct contravention of these expectations, Queensland has removed the principle of detention as a last resort and has defunded programmes that would typically enable more effective community supervision (O'Leary, 2014). This means that Queensland has fewer options for young people to be supervised in the community, something which has led to more young people across Australia being remanded into custody for their own good (Richards and Renshaw, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unnecessary and disproportionate: the outcomes of remand for indigenous young people according to service providers

Mathieson

Dwyer

2016

Journal of Children's Services

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Purpose – While research often elaborates on outcomes of youth remand more broadly, the specific impact that remand has on indigenous young people can be overlooked, particularly in Australia. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyses interview data gathered from eight individual service providers from six community youth organisations in a city in Queensland, Australia. Findings – Participants reported the specific effects of remand for indigenous young people and their families, noting especially the negative impact on the young people’s emotional, social and psychological development. Originality/value – Results strongly suggest there is a blurring of the welfare and justice systems inherent within remand processes with indigenous young people, with remand employed so frequently that it has itself become a form of social support.

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Out of Step and Out of Touch: Queensland's 2014 Youth Justice Amendments

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Violence-Related Death in Young Australians After Contact With the Youth Justice System: A Data Linkage Study

Violence-Related Death in Young Australians After Contact With the Youth Justice System: A Data Linkage Study

Circumstances and toxicology of violence-related deaths among young people who have had contact with the youth justice system: a data linkage study

Unnecessary and disproportionate: the outcomes of remand for indigenous young people according to service providers

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