“…The addiction treatment system is unique in that it is largely separate from the medical and psychiatric care delivery systems, and nicotine dependence tends to be ignored in all three of these systems. Integration of treatment could result in significant improvement in both medical, psychiatric and addiction outcomes and save costs, and could thus have far reaching implications for public health (Ray, Mertens, & Weisner, 2007; Dismuke et al, 2004, McLellan, Lewis, O'Brien, & Kelber, 2000). …”