Outage Minimization for a Fading Wireless Link With Energy Harvesting Transmitter and Receiver

Abstract

This paper studies online power control policies for outage minimization in a fading wireless link with energy harvesting transmitter and receiver. The outage occurs when either the transmitter or the receiver does not have enough energy, or the channel is in outage, where the transmitter only has the channel distribution information. Under infinite battery capacity and without retransmission, we prove that thresholdbased power control policies are optimal. We thus propose disjoint/joint threshold-based policies with and without battery state sharing between the transmitter and receiver, respectively. We also analyze the impact of practical receiver detection and processing on the outage performance. When retransmission is considered, policy with linear power levels is adopted to adapt the power thresholds per retransmission. With finite battery capacity, a three dimensional finite state Markov chain is formulated to calculate the optimal parameters and corresponding performance of proposed policies. The energy arrival correlation between the transmitter and receiver is addressed for both finite and infinite battery cases. Numerical results show the impact of battery capacity, energy arrival correlation and detection cost on the outage performance of the proposed policies, as well as the tradeoff between the outage probability and the average transmission times.Index Terms-Energy harvesting, outage minimization, circuit power, power control, finite state Markov chain.

RF energy harvesting: an analysis of wireless sensor networks for reliable communication

“…The message is transmitted from the sensor node k-th to the j-th antenna of the HAP can be expressed as follows Ω k ← channel mean gain of HAP→S k link 7: β kj ← channel mean gain of S k → j-antenna of the HAP link 8: t out ← timeout constraint α ← pathloss exponent 15: mod ← SC or MRC 16: LOOP ← number of loops for simulation 17: end procedure for {t = 1; t < length(γ 0 ); t + +} do 4: for {i = 1; i < LOOP ; i + +} do 5: g kj = exprnd(β kj , K, M); Generate channel gain for downlink 6: if mod == SC then 7: g k = max …”

“…In the light of RF energy harvesting ideas, many researchers have investigated on the problems of simultaneous information transmission and WPT in order to improve reliable communication, accordingly theoretical models, protocols, and system designs, have been proposed [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Specifically, in [17], an outage minimization with energy harvesting for point-to-point communication over fading channels has been studied.…”

“…Specifically, in [17], an outage minimization with energy harvesting for point-to-point communication over fading channels has been studied. Employing a Markov model, the impact of packet retransmission, energy harvesting, and detection on the outage performance for a wireless power sensor network (WPSN) have been illustrated.…”

“…Therein, the HHT protocol is derived from previous publications [17,20,22]. More specifically, we consider that multiple sensor nodes, which are widely used to measure temperature, pressure, humidity, etc., in industrial wireless networks, are scheduled to harvest the energy from a HAP following one of the considered protocols.…”

Simultaneous Information and Energy Flow for IoT Relay Systems with Crowd Harvesting

“…Most existing work merely considers the energy used for transmission. However, the energy consumption for receiving is comparable with that of transmission and cannot be ignored [13]. Therefore, scheduling decisions should take into account the energy consumption of receiving as well, and a relay node should switch among receiving, forwarding, and keeping silent modes to save energy, based on its ESI, CSI of the multiple hops, and the delay constraints.…”