Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northern Israel

Jacobson, Raymond L.; Eisenberger, Carol L.; Svobodová, Milena; Baneth, Gad; Sztern, Julia; Carvalho, Jorge José de; Nasereddin, Abedelmajeed; Fari, Mustafa El; Shalom, Uri; Volf, Petr; Votýpka, Jan; Dedet, Jean-Pierre; Pratlong, Francine; Schönian, Gabriele; Schnur, Lionel F.; Jaffe, Charles L.; Warburg, Alon

doi:10.1086/378204

Cited by 138 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The two were far from the only known small foci of Southeast. The clinical picture of confirmed cases was similar to those described for lesions caused by L. tropica in Middle East: ulcerating dry lesion often on the face or on upper extremities that generally last a long time before healing and are difficult to treat (Jacobson et al, 2003). Data on parasite isolates indicate a similarity with L. killicki known in the Tunisian foci and no heterogeneity was found.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Spread ofLeishmania killickito Central and South-West Tunisia

et al. 2005

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Summary :Twenty cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases were notified from December 2001 to February 2002, in a small village in the district of Oueslatia (governorate of Kairouan, central Tunisia) which is an endemic focus of infantile visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (L.) infantum and that had never been concerned previously by CL. The parasite typing of two isolates obtained from two children that have never left the region has identified L. killicki. This species had only been reported previously in a limited focus of Tunisian Southeast. In October 2002, an epidemiological survey with isoenzym characterization of the parasite led in a well-known focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis of South-West Tunisia also revealed the presence of L. killicki. These results suggest the spread of this species and stress the need of further investigations for a better control of CL in Tunisia. Résumé

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Spread ofLeishmania killickito Central and South-West Tunisia

et al. 2005

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“…Previous studies in northern and central Israeli L. tropica rural foci showed that 10-13% of the hyraxes tested by ITS1 PCR were positive for parasite DNA. 7,25 This is approximately half the value found (23.5%) in this study using the same assay. In addition to the ITS1 PCR, we used a highly sensitive kDNA realtime PCR to obtain a more accurate value for the prevalence of L. tropica infection in hyraxes and compared it with ITS1 PCR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…7,12 In other studies, laboratory diagnosis of infection was achieved mostly by testing dermal biopsies, both in humans and in hyraxes. 7,25,29 The presence of L. tropica DNA in hyrax blood shown in the current study could be due to the circulation of live amastigotes present in phagocytes or to degraded parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 There has been a marked increase in the incidence of CL caused by L. tropica during recent years in Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority, and infection has emerged in new urban and rural foci. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Between 2000 and 2002 over 60 cases of human CL, most caused by L. tropica, were reported from near the Sea of Galilee in Northern Israel. 10 More recently a focus of L. tropica CL emerged in Maale Adumim (MA), a city located in the Judean Desert in central Israel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 A previous study in northern Israel indicated that 10% of the hyraxes sampled in a rural CL focus were positive for L. tropica by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 7 Hyraxes live 8-9 years in nature, 13 and thus comprise an efficient reservoir for carrying infections into the next transmission season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leishmania tropica in Rock Hyraxes (Procavia capensis) in a Focus of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Talmi-Frank

Jaffe²,

Nasereddin³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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14, 15The purpose of the present study was to evaluate L. tropica exposure and infection rates among hyraxes living in an urban focus of disease in central Israel using quantitative real-time PCR and serology, and to compare the genetic relatedness of parasites isolated from hyraxes to those found in humans and sand flies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area.The study was carried out in the city of MA, which is located in the Judean Desert at an altitude of 350 meters above sea level approximately 5 km east of Jerusalem. The human cases in MA were clustered in two neighborhoods located adjacent to slopes and caves inhabited by rock hyraxes. 11Hyraxes. Rock hyraxes were trapped in March 2005 using cage-traps as a part of an epidemiological investigation of the human CL focus in MA conducted by the Israeli Nature Reserves and Parks Authority. Animals were anesthetized (10 mg/kg intramuscularly Ketamine-HCl, Ketaset, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, Iowa) using a pole syringe, physically examined, weighed, and blood samples were collected. The study that concerned animals was conducted adhering to the Hebrew University's guidelines for animal husbandry and use of animals in research. Blood in ethylenediamidinetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes was used for DNA extraction. Blood samples for serology were separated using centrifugation and kept at −20°C for further analysis. Experimentally infected (EI) hyrax samples were used for standardization of the western blot assay, as well as PCR and real-time PCR tests. EI samples included hyrax no. 1, a hyrax inoculated by subcutaneous injection in the nose with 10 7 L. tropica promastigotes supplemented with promastigote secretory gel; and hyrax no. 2, infected by sand fly bite.12 Both hyraxes tested positive by PCR of nose skin biopsies for L. tropica infection. In addition, blood samples from 5 young hyraxes born in captivity in a non-endemic area of Israel were used as negative controls.Human patients. Parasites were cultured for routine diagnosis from residents of MA ( N = 8), Tiberias, a city located on the Sea of Galilee (Kinneret) in the South Kinneret (SK) region in northern Israel ( N = 3), and Karkom, a village in the North Kinneret (NK) region in northern Israel ( N = 1). These residents presented with cutaneous lesions and were referred to the Abstract. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania tropica , has recently emerged in urban and rural foci of central and northern Israel, and constitutes a major public health concern. Rock hyraxes ( Procavia capensis ), the suspected natural reservoir, were trapped in the cutaneous leishmaniasis urban focus of Maale Adumim in central Israel and evaluated for L. tropica infection by real-time kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology. Real-time PCR on blood and computerized western blot serology analysis was positive for L. tropica in 58% and 80%, respectively, of the hyraxes tested. Phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 region indicated that similar genotypes wer...

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Leishmania Taxonomy

Maurício¹

2018

The Leishmaniases: Old Neglected Tropical Diseases

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Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northern Israel

Cited by 138 publications

References 35 publications

Spread ofLeishmania killickito Central and South-West Tunisia

Spread ofLeishmania killickito Central and South-West Tunisia

Leishmania tropica in Rock Hyraxes (Procavia capensis) in a Focus of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Leishmania Taxonomy

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