Outbreak of enterically-transmitted hepatitis due to hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses

Coursaget, Pierre; Buisson, Y.; Enogat, Nathalie; Bercion, Raymond; Baudet, J.; Delmaire, Patrick; Prigent, D.; Desrame, Jérôme

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(98)80222-5

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Many studies indicate that poor sanitation, crowding, low levels of education and poverty are risk factors for HEV infection [1][2][3][4][19][20][21]24]. Our study demonstrated that the anti-HEV prevalence was significantly higher and occurred earlier in rural compared with urban communities (2.6% in age group < 10 years old in rural areas versus 0% in the same age group in urban areas).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in 2-25-year-olds in Sari district, Islamic Republic of Iran

Farhadi²,

Ajami³

et al. 2009

East Mediterr Health J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) in children and young adults was determined in a community-based survey in an area of northern Islamic Republic of Iran. Serum samples were taken from 1080 randomly selected apparently healthy 2-25-year-olds from urban and rural regions of Sari district. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 25 individuals (2.3%). Seroprevalence increased significantly with age from 3/255 (1.2%) in children < 10 years to 8/110 (7.3%) in those aged 20-25 years. No differences in HEV status were noted between the sexes. Earlier age at exposure to infection and a higher infection rate were found in people residing in rural areas than in urban areas.Séroépidémiologie de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite E chez les enfants et les jeunes de 2 à 25 ans dans le district de Sari (République islamique d'Iran) RÉSUMÉ La séroprévalence de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite E (VHE) chez les enfants et les jeunes adultes a été déterminée grâce à une enquête communautaire réalisée dans une région du nord de la République islamique d'Iran. Des échantillons de sérum ont été prélevés sur 1 080 enfants et jeunes âgés de 2 à 25 ans sélectionnés au hasard, apparemment en bonne santé, qui venaient de régions urbaines et rurales du district de Sari. Des anticorps anti-VHE de type IgG ont été détectés chez 25 sujets (2,3 %). La séroprévalence augmentait significativement avec l'âge, de 3 sur 255 (1,2 %) chez les enfants de moins de 10 ans à 8 sur 110 (7,3 %) chez les jeunes âgés de 20 à 25 ans. Aucune différence n'a été observée entre les deux sexes quant à la sérologie VHE. L'enquête a montré que les personnes vivant en zone rurale étaient exposées plus jeunes à l'infection et connaissaient un taux d'infection plus élevé que celles vivant en zone urbaine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in 2-25-year-olds in Sari district, Islamic Republic of Iran

Farhadi²,

Ajami³

et al. 2009

East Mediterr Health J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In two recent studies, there was cooccurrence of HAV and HEV as causes of acute hepatitis. Interestingly, in both reports, the hepatitis E cases occurred in the indigent or native population (Nepalese in one instance, Djibouti natives in the other), whereas hepatitis A was found in nonnatives (tourists in Nepal, French troops in Djibouti) (44,52). The United States escaped most of the epidemics in World War I by late entry into the conflict.…”

Section: Epidemic Hepatitis and Warmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hepatitis A: Old and New

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hepatitis A virus (HAV), a picornavirus, is a common cause of hepatitis worldwide. Spread of infection is generally person to person or by oral intake after fecal contamination of skin or mucous membranes; less commonly, there is fecal contamination of food or water. Hepatitis A is endemic in developing countries, and most residents are exposed in childhood. In contrast, the adult population in developed countries demonstrates falling rates of exposure with improvements in hygiene and sanitation. The export of food that cannot be sterilized, from countries of high endemicity to areas with low rates of infection, is a potentially important source of infection. After ingestion and uptake from the gastrointestinal tract, the virus replicates in the liver and is excreted into the bile. Cellular immune responses to the virus lead to destruction of infected hepatocytes with consequent development of symptoms and signs of disease. Humoral immune responses are the basis for diagnostic serologic assays. Acute HAV infection is clinically indistinguishable from other causes of acute viral hepatitis. In young children the disease is often asymptomatic, whereas in older children and adults there may be a range of clinical manifestations from mild, anicteric infection to fulminant hepatic failure. Clinical variants include prolonged, relapsing, and cholestatic forms. Management of the acute illness is supportive, and complete recovery without sequelae is the usual outcome. Research efforts during World War II led to the development of passive immunoprophylaxis. Pooled immune serum globulin is efficacious in the prevention and attenuation of disease in exposed individuals. More recently, active immunoprophylaxis by vaccination has been accomplished. Future eradication of this disease can now be contemplated

show abstract

“…Hepatitis E virus (HEV) like HAV, and has been associated with large outbreaks from contaminated water supplies [Coursaget et al, 1998]. Taiwan, an endemic area for viral hepatitis A to D, has never had a history of epidemic outbreaks of hepatitis E. The role of HEV infection in acute sporadic hepatitis in Taiwan is unclear [Hsieh et al, 1998].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A, B, C, and E viruses infection among preschool children in Taiwan

Lin

Chen

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Taiwan was a hyperendemic area for hepatitis A and B viruses (HAV and HBV) infection before late 1980s. To study the seroprevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, and E viruses (HCV and HEV) infection among preschool children in Taiwan, a community‐based survey was carried out in 54 kindergartens in 10 urban areas, 10 rural areas, and 2 aboriginal areas randomly selected through stratified sampling. Serum specimens of 2,538 preschool children were screened for the hepatitis A, C, and E antibodies by a commercially available enzyme immunoassay and for HBV markers by radioimmunoassay methods. The multivariate‐adjusted odd ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through the multiple logistic regression analysis. Females had a statistically significantly higher HAV seroprevalence than males. The seroprevalence of HCV infection increased significantly with age. The larger the sibship size, the higher the seroprevalence of HBV infection. Aboriginal children had a significantly higher seroprevalence of HBV and HEV infection and lower seroprevalence of HCV infection than non‐aboriginal children. A significantly higher seroprevalence of HBV infection was found in rural children than urban children. There was no significant association between serostatus of HAV and HEV infection and between serostatus of HBV and HCV infection among preschool children in Taiwan. The poor environmental and hygienic conditions in the aboriginal areas might play a role in infection with HBV and HEV. J. Med. Virol. 78:18–23, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.

show abstract

Outbreak of enterically-transmitted hepatitis due to hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in 2-25-year-olds in Sari district, Islamic Republic of Iran

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in 2-25-year-olds in Sari district, Islamic Republic of Iran

Hepatitis A: Old and New

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A, B, C, and E viruses infection among preschool children in Taiwan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About