Outbreak of Glomerulonephritis Caused by Streptococcus zooepidemicus SzPHV5 Type in Monte Santo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract

is an emerging and opportunistic zoonotic pathogen which plays an important role in the development of severe and life-threatening diseases and is potentially capable of triggering large glomerulonephritis outbreaks. Between December 2012 and February 2013, 175 cases of glomerulonephritis were confirmed in the town of Monte Santo de Minas, MG, Brazil. During the outbreak, 19 isolates of were recovered, 1 from ice cream, 2 from the oropharynx of food handlers, and 16 from patients affected by acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). All isolates involved in the outbreak amplified the same sequence of the hypervariable region of the SzP protein (SzPHV5) and presented indistinguishable banding patterns with high similarity (>99%) to each other by the repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) technique. Inspection programs on the milk supply chain should be strengthened and continuously encouraged so that the health of consumers is preserved.

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection of pigs leads to shedding in faeces and a carrier state

“…Most reports to date suggest that S. zooepidemicus require direct contact or fomites for pathogen transmission (Abbott et al, 2010;Pelkonen et al, 2013;Torres et al, 2018). Our findings corroborate this concept, as housing naïve pigs in the same room with acutely sick pigs did not result in colonization or disease of SENT animals under our experimental settings.…”

“…It is not clear why this pathogen is emerging now, especially considering the improved biosecurity measures applied by the swine industry due to the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus epidemic in North America in 2013, and the recent global threat of African swine fever (Stevenson et al., 2013 ). Most reports to date suggest that S. zooepidemicus require direct contact or fomites for pathogen transmission (Abbott et al., 2010 ; Pelkonen et al., 2013 ; Torres et al., 2018 ). Our findings corroborate this concept, as housing naïve pigs in the same room with acutely sick pigs did not result in colonization or disease of SENT animals under our experimental settings.…”

Genetic characterization of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus associated with high swine mortality in the United States

“…It can also cause infections in a wide range of other animal species, including cats, ruminants, pigs, monkeys, dogs and guinea pigs (Blum et al., 2010; Byun, Yoon, Woo, Jung, & Joo, 2009; Fan, Wang, Tang, & Lu, 2008; Gruszynski et al., 2015; Sharp, Prince, & Gibbens, 1995; Soedarmanto, Pasaribu, Wibawan, & Lammler, 1996). S. zooepidemicus is zoonotic, with reported transmission from horses, dogs and guinea pigs to humans (Pelkonen et al., 2013) leading to either severe invasive diseases (bacteraemia, septic arthritis, pneumonia and meningitis) or benign diseases such as pharyngitis, with potential to trigger acute post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) (Torres et al., 2018). The human patients usually acquire the bacteria through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal products such as milk or cheese.…”

Genetic characterization ofStreptococcus equisubspecieszooepidemicusassociated with high swine mortality in United States

“…It can also cause infections in a wide range of other animal species, including cats, ruminants, pigs, monkeys, dogs, and guinea pigs ( 1–6 ). S. zooepidemicus is zoonotic, with reported transmission from horses, dogs, and guinea pigs to humans ( 7 ) leading to either severe invasive disease (bacteremia, septic arthritis, pneumonia, and meningitis) or benign disease like pharyngitis, with potential to trigger acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) ( 8 ). The human patients usually acquire the bacteria through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal products such as milk or cheese.…”