Outbreak of hepatitis A linked to European outbreaks among men who have sex with men in Osaka, Japan, from March to July 2018

Tanaka, Satoshi; Kishi, Tomomi; Ishihara, Akio; Watanabe, Dai; Uehira, Tomoko; Ishida, Hisashi; Shirasaka, Takuma; Mita, Eiji

doi:10.1111/hepr.13314

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…MSM sex tourism across national borders is recognized as an important avenue of introducing new outbreaks [11], and many outbreaks of hepatitis A occur among MSM. The timing of hepatitis A outbreaks has involved a certain time lag as they have moved across the globe, with a surge of patients occurring among MSM from 2015 to 2017 in Taiwan [12][13][14], from 2016 to 2017 in Europe [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], from 2016 to 2018 in the United States [30,31], and in 2018 in Japan [11,32]. Spatial spread (e.g., from Taiwan and Europe to Japan) has been partly demonstrated via genome sequencing [11,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing countermeasures during a hepatitis A virus outbreak among men who have sex with men

Saito

Imamura

Nishiura

2021

Theor Biol Med Model

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Background A hepatitis A epidemic occurred among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Japan in 2017–2018. In this study, we employ a parsimonious mathematical model to epidemiologically investigate the dynamics of infection, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of campaign-based interventions among MSM to raise awareness of the situation. Methods A mathematical model describing a mixture of human-to-human transmission and environmental transmission was fitted to surveillance data. Taking seasonally varying environmental transmission into account, we estimated the reproduction number of hepatitis A virus during the course of epidemic, and, especially, the abrupt decline in this reproduction number following campaign-based interventions. Results The reproduction number prior to the countermeasures ranged from 2.6 to 3.1 and then began to decrease following campaign-based interventions. After the first countermeasure, the reproduction number decreased, but the epidemic remained supercritical (i.e., Rt > 1). The value of Rt dropped well below one following the second countermeasure, which used web articles to widely disseminate information about the epidemic risk. Conclusions Although the effective reproduction number, Rt, changes because of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the timing of the examined countermeasures against hepatitis A in the MSM population was consistent with the abrupt declines observed in Rt. Even without vaccination, the epidemic was brought under control, and risky behaviors may have been changed by the increase in situation awareness reached through web articles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing countermeasures during a hepatitis A virus outbreak among men who have sex with men

Saito

Imamura

Nishiura

2021

Theor Biol Med Model

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“…Outbreaks, and patients with severe forms of acute hepatitis A in the MSM category, have been recently reported in Japan [23][24][25] and other countries [9][10][11]. Outbreaks of acute hepatitis A, which are described in the present article, are often associated with MSM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Male-Dominant Hepatitis A Outbreak Observed among Non-HIV-Infected Persons in the Northern Part of Tokyo, Japan

Honda

Asakura

Somura

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Recently, we experienced an outbreak of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection between 2018 and 2020. Herein, we describe this male-dominant HAV infection outbreak observed among non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in the northern part of Tokyo, Japan. Clinical information was collected from patient interviews and from medical record descriptions. In the present study, 21 patients were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 90.4 and 33.3% of patients were males, and men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively. The total bilirubin levels and platelet counts tended to be lower in the MSM group than in the non-MSM group. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels tended to be higher in acute liver failure (ALF) patients than in non-ALF patients. Prolonged cholestasis was observed in one patient (4.8%). We also found that 18 HAV isolates belonged to HAV subgenotype IA/subgroup 13 (S13), which clustered with the HAV isolate (KX151459) that was derived from an outbreak of HAV infection among MSM in Taiwan in 2015. Our results suggest that the application of antivirals against HAV, as well as HAV vaccines, would be useful for the treatment and prevention of severe HAV infection.

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“…The HAV/HIV outbreaks were reported also outside Europe. In Japan, 12 of 13 studied patients (92%) were HIV-positive [11]. Moreover, two of our patients (6%) had positive VDRL test, meaning recently active syphilis infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Outbreaks of hepatitis A in Poland are often connected with other infections

Tochman¹,

Mikuła²,

Krankowska³

et al. 2019

HIV & AIDS Review

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Introduction: The amount of reported hepatitis A cases in Europe increased significantly in 2017. The main cause of the latest outbreak is transmission by faecal-oral contact during sexual activity, mostly among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim was to analyze the main co-infections in adult patients with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. Material and methods: We analyzed the records of 55 patients with HAV infection. In studied group, we evaluated gender, age, duration of hospitalization, blood cell count, activity of liver enzymes, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), and serologic tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis. Results: Ninety five percent of analyzed patients were male, from whom almost 70% were MSM. The median age was 31 years. The median duration of hospitalization was 6 days. Serological tests for other infections were positive for HIV in 11 patients (11/53; 20.75%), for HBV in 3 patients (3/53; 5.66%) and for syphilis for 2 patients (2/33; 6.06%). None of the 52 tested patients were HCV positive. Conclusion: The study showed that HAV infection among young MSM often co-exist with other sexually transmitted diseases: syphilis, hepatitis B and HIV infection.

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Outbreak of hepatitis A linked to European outbreaks among men who have sex with men in Osaka, Japan, from March to July 2018

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Assessing countermeasures during a hepatitis A virus outbreak among men who have sex with men

Assessing countermeasures during a hepatitis A virus outbreak among men who have sex with men

Male-Dominant Hepatitis A Outbreak Observed among Non-HIV-Infected Persons in the Northern Part of Tokyo, Japan

Outbreaks of hepatitis A in Poland are often connected with other infections

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