Outbreak of <i>Chrysomyia bezziana</i> in Khoozestan province, Iran

Navidpour, Shahrokh; Hoghooghi-Rad, Nasser; Goodarzi, Hamed; Pooladgar, A. R.

doi:10.1136/vr.139.9.217

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A total of 10 500 animals became affected until the situation was finally brought in check by insecticide treatments. Similarly, C. bezziana spread out from the Gulf port of Booshehr, Iran, in April 1995 (Navidpour et al ., 1996; Haddadzadeh et al ., 1997), prompting a major insecticidal campaign. Minor incursions have also occurred in other Gulf States, including an introduction of C. bezziana into Bahrain in 1977 (Kloft et al ., 1981) and into the United Arab Emirates in 1988 (Spradbery & Kirk, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Old World screwworm myiasis in the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq

Siddig¹,

Jowary

Izzi³

et al. 2005

Medical Vet Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following the first recorded introduction of the Old World screwworm fly (OWS), Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae), into the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq in September 1996, cases of livestock myiasis caused by OWS developed a distinctly seasonal pattern. The annual cycle of clinical OWS cases is explained here on the basis of environmental variables that affect the different life-cycle stages of C. bezziana. This analysis suggests that low temperatures restricted pupal development during the winter, whereas the dispersal of adult flies was constrained by hot/dry summer conditions. A restricted number of OWS foci persisted throughout the year. In these foci, pupal development was fastest during the autumn months. In autumn, rapid multiplication, lasting several OWS generations, allowed subsequent adult fly dispersal across the valley floor during the winter. Hence, the monthly incidence of clinical OWS cases in livestock peaked during December-January and was lowest during July-August. In addition to temperature and humidity, vegetation cover played a role in OWS distribution. Hence the majority of OWS cases were clustered in the medium density type of vegetation [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values of 0.2-0.4] along the main watercourses in the marshy Mesopotamia valley. Although sheep were the host most commonly infested by C. bezziana, local sheep density was not found to be a major factor in disease spread. Satellite imagery and the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) tools were found to be valuable in understanding the distribution of OWS in relation to vegetation and watercourses. The presence of screwworm in Iraq, at the perimeter of the intercontinental OWS distribution, may give rise to major seasonal flare-ups.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Old World screwworm myiasis in the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq

Siddig¹,

Jowary

Izzi³

et al. 2005

Medical Vet Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…7 Outbreaks of the fly have also been reported in the Middle East. 8,9 There are two types of SWF, the Old World SWF (Chrysomya bezziana) and the New World SWF (Cochliomyia hominivorax). Both are obligate parasites that attack healthy tissue of living animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysomya bezziana in pet dogs in Hong Kong: a potential threat to Australia

Chemonges¹

2003

Aust Veterinary J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Old World Screwworm fly (Chrysomya bezziana) has recently been causing aggressive myiasis in pet dogs in Hong Kong, and the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of Hong Kong has confirmed the presence of Chrysomya bezziana in the territory. This report describes screwworm infestation in pet dogs presented for treatment at our clinic in the past year. Screwworm fly larvae were found in typically punched out round wounds or embedded in exposed or neglected wounds. Infested wounds had a characteristic strong offensive smell and oozed a sero‐sanguineous exudate or frank blood. Removal of the larvae, wound treatment, continuous monitoring for re‐infestation, application of insect repellants and protective housing were essential for successful treatment. Because Hong Kong is a source of pet migration or a transit point to Australia, the fly could threaten Australia.

show abstract

“…2 Chrysomyia bezziana infests mainly domestic animals and may cause great morbidity and considerable economic losses in the livestock industry if not treated rapidly. 8 It is distributed throughout the African, Middle Eastern, and south Asian countries, 1–2,9 and is the main cause of myiasis among domestic animals in many Middle Eastern countries. 1–9 Outbreaks of Chrysomyia bezziana myiasis occurred in 1995 in Iran in the same province among domestic animals, 8 and previously in other Middle Eastern countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysomyia bezziana‐infested basal cell carcinoma destroying the eye

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 90‐year‐old demented woman from Andimeshk town, some 150 km away from our center, was brought to the Ophthalmology emergency room at Sina Hospital as a result of ocular rupturing and outpouring of hundreds of worm‐like organisms from the ruptured eye 24 h before admission and remarkable swelling of the orbital and periorbital area within the last 72 h. The patient had a leukomatous lesion on the cornea of the involved eye of 2 years' duration. Four months before admission, swelling of the lower eyelid and a continuous purulent and hemorrhagic discharge from the eye was reported by the patient's 67‐year‐old daughter who was taking care of her. The woman refused to go to hospital for the eyelid swelling and purulent discharge despite her daughter's repeated request. On admission, all orbital structures were involved and destroyed by the numerous larvae, which were so tightly packed that they could not move freely ( Figs 1–3). After orbital exenteration, the larvae were found to penetrate deep enough to involve the optic canal. 1 Chrysomyia bezziana invading and destroying the ocular structures 2 Close up of the orbital structures infested and destroyed by the larvae 3 Close up of the orbital structures infested and destroyed by the larvae A few of the larvae were collected and preserved in 70% ethanol and submitted for species identification to two centers at Chamran University. Both centers identified the species as follows: Order: Diptera Family: Calliphoridae Subfamily: Chrysomyinae Genus: Chrysomyia Species: Chrysomyia bezziana The larvae were whitish in color and measured 15 mm in length( Fig. 4). The exenterated tissues were sent for pathologic study. Basal cell carcinoma was reported ( Figs 5, 6). 4 Close up of Chrysomyia bezziana larvae 5 Basal cell carcinoma invading the exenterated tissues 6 Basal cell carcinoma invading the exenterated tissues

show abstract

Outbreak of Chrysomyia bezziana in Khoozestan province, Iran

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Seasonality of Old World screwworm myiasis in the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq

Seasonality of Old World screwworm myiasis in the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq

Chrysomya bezziana in pet dogs in Hong Kong: a potential threat to Australia

Chrysomyia bezziana‐infested basal cell carcinoma destroying the eye

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About