Outbreak of lassa fever in Nigeria: measures for prevention and control

Mofolorunsho, Kehinde Charles

doi:10.11604/pamj.2016.23.210.8923

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been said that 80% of infected individuals remain asymptomatic with others displaying acute symptoms of fever, weakness, chest pain, and gastrointestinal (GI) side effects such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea [4] . About 1–15% of symptomatic cases present with severe symptomatology ranging from: abnormal bleeding from the facial orifices, hearing loss, tremors, encephalitis, coma and death [5] . With an incubation period of 6 to 21 days [6] , LF has been known to be associated closely with seasonal variations, peaking in the dry season usually between the months of December and April [7] , a situation attributed to the migration of the rodent reservoirs into human settlements in search for food.…”

Section: History Of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Outbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious disease outbreak preparedness and response in Nigeria: history, limitations and recommendations for global health policy and practice

et al. 2020

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Effective disease outbreak response has historically been a challenging accomplishment for the Nigerian health system due to an array of hurdles not unique to Nigeria but also found in other African nations which share its large size and complexity. However, the efficiency of the response mounted against the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014 proved that indeed, though challenging, proactive and effective outbreak response is not impossible. With over 20 public health emergencies and infectious disease outbreaks between 2016 and 2018 alone, Nigeria is one of only five members of the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region to report five or more public health events per annum. There are many lessons that can be drawn from Nigeria's experience in handling outbreaks of infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss the history of emerging and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks in Nigeria and explore the response strategies mounted towards each. We also highlight the significant successes and note-worthy limitations, which we have then utilized to proffer policy recommendations to strengthen the Nigerian public health emergency response systems.

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Section: History Of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Outbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious disease outbreak preparedness and response in Nigeria: history, limitations and recommendations for global health policy and practice

et al. 2020

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“…This scenario is the same in many African and low socio-economic countries. While countries might have leveraged the lessons from the previous Lassa fever and Ebola epidemic in addressing the current situation [ 5 ], the novelty of COVID-19 is challenging the pre-existing experiences.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical issues in the COVID-19 pandemic control preparedness in a developing economy

Jegede¹,

Ajayi²,

Akintola³

et al. 2020

Pan Afr Med J

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Adequate preparation for highly pathogenic infectious disease pandemic can reduce the incidence, prevalence and burden of diseases like COVID-19 pandemic. An antidote to the spread of the disease is adequate preparation for its control since there is no proven curative measure yet. Effective management of identified cases, social distancing, contact tracing and provision of basic infrastructure to facilitate compliance with preventive measures, testing are proven management strategies. Although these measures seem to be the best options presently, it is important to pay attention to ethical issues arising from the implementation process to ensure best practice. While disease epidemic is not alien to human societies, lessons from previous outbreaks are vital for addressing future outbreaks. For effective control of this pandemic, there should be a clear definition of social distancing in terms of distance and space in line with the WHO definition, adequate provision of basic amenities, screening and testing with specific criteria for selecting those to be screened. Also, there should be a free testing procedure, access to treatment opportunities for those who test positive, ethical free contact tracing practice, respect for the autonomy of those to be tested, and global best practice of open science, open data and data sharing practices. In conclusion, a framework/guideline for epidemic/pandemic ethics guidance should be developed while an ethical sensitive communication manual should be prepared for public engagement on epidemic and pandemic.

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“…All infectious diseases can give rise to outbreaks. Respiratory viruses transmitted from person to person such as the seasonal influenza are responsible for large outbreaks in temperate regions across the world every year [ 5 ] and hemorrhagic viruses which originally emerge in animals have given rise to serious outbreaks of Ebola and Lassa fever in Africa [ 6 , 7 ]. Food represents an important vehicle for infectious pathogens of substantial public health significance; in 2010 it was estimated that 600 million people became ill and 420,000 died from a foodborne illness [ 8 ].…”

Section: Infectious Disease Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium Using Case-Control Studies, with a Reference to the One Health Approach

Kuhn

Ethelberg

2020

Methods in Molecular Biology

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An outbreak is defined as the occurrence of disease cases in excess of normal expectancy within a particular area and a given time. Foodborne outbreaks caused by gastrointestinal bacteria such as Salmonella Typhimurium are among the most commonly reported and most extensively investigated. The classic outbreak investigation follows a series of well-defined steps which lead to a faster confirmation of the source and hopefully preventing of further cases. These steps are ideally undertaken using a One Health cross-sectorial collaboration approach involving partners from public health, food safety, and the veterinary and environmental sectors. In order to firmly identify the source of the outbreak, descriptive epidemiology is often combined with more robust evidence from analytical epidemiology such as a case-control study. A case-control study assesses whether a specific exposure is associated with illness, firstly by identifying cases (persons known to have been ill) and controls (persons who have not been ill, used as a reference group), and then retrospectively through interviews determining specific exposures for all persons. This information ultimately leads to the calculation of an odds ratio ( see Note 3 ) which indicates the strength of the association between specific exposures and the outcome (illness or no illness). A well-conducted case-control study may substantiate or form core evidence as to the vehicle of a foodborne outbreak and is often a very important investigation tool, particularly in situations where microbiological proof cannot be obtained.

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Outbreak of lassa fever in Nigeria: measures for prevention and control

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Infectious disease outbreak preparedness and response in Nigeria: history, limitations and recommendations for global health policy and practice

Infectious disease outbreak preparedness and response in Nigeria: history, limitations and recommendations for global health policy and practice

Ethical issues in the COVID-19 pandemic control preparedness in a developing economy

Investigating Outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium Using Case-Control Studies, with a Reference to the One Health Approach

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