Outbreak of leptospirosis in New Caledonia: diagnosis issues and burden of disease

Goarant, Cyrille; Laumond-Barny, Sylvie; Pérez, Julie; Vernel-Pauillac, Frédérique; Chanteau, Suzanne; Guigon, Aurélie

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02310.x

Cited by 64 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Another study about leptospirosis was performed in New Caledonia [37] where an epidemic of human leptospirosis after heavy rainfalls and floods occurred in 2008. The disaster resulted in 135 cases of leptospirosis and five deaths.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Cost of Leptospirosis Cases Attributed to the 2011 Disaster Striking Nova Friburgo, Brazil

Pereira

Barata

Trigo

2014

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to estimate the social cost of the leptospirosis cases that were attributed to the natural disaster of January 2011 in Nova Friburgo (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) through a partial economic assessment. This study utilized secondary data supplied by the Municipal Health Foundation of Nova Friburgo. Income scenarios based on the national and state minimum wages and on average income of the local population were employed. The total social cost of leptospirosis cases attributed to the 2011 disaster may range between US$21,500 and US$66,000 for the lower income scenario and between US$23,900 and US$100,800 for that of higher income. Empirical therapy represented a total avoided cost of US$14,800, in addition to a reduction in lethality. An estimated 31 deaths were avoided among confirmed cases of the disease, and no deaths resulted from the leptospirosis cases attributed to the natural disaster. There has been a significant post-disaster rise in leptospirosis incidence in the municipality, which illustrates the potential for increased cases—and hence costs—of this illness following natural disasters, which justifies the adoption of preventive measures in environmental health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Cost of Leptospirosis Cases Attributed to the 2011 Disaster Striking Nova Friburgo, Brazil

Pereira

Barata

Trigo

2014

IJERPH

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“…Biological diagnosis relies on qPCR using serum or urine as well as the reference Microagglutination Technique (MAT) using a panel of serovars of epidemiological relevance. Over the last decade, more patients have been diagnosed by qPCR, probably reflecting higher awareness and earlier medical consultation [14]. The patients were identified by a positive diagnostic qPCR targeting lipL-32 [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeking the environmental source of Leptospirosis reveals durable bacterial viability in river soils

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLeptospirosis is an important re-emerging infectious disease that affects humans worldwide. Infection occurs from indirect environment-mediated exposure to pathogenic leptospires through contaminated watered environments. The ability of pathogenic leptospires to persist in the aqueous environment is a key factor in transmission to new hosts. Hence, an effort was made to detect pathogenic leptospires in complex environmental samples, to genotype positive samples and to assess leptospiral viability over time.Methodology/Principal findingsWe focused our study on human leptospirosis cases infected with the New Caledonian Leptospira interrogans serovar Pyrogenes. Epidemiologically related to freshwater contaminations, this strain is responsible for ca. 25% of human cases in New Caledonia. We screened soil and water samples retrieved from suspected environmental infection sites for the pathogen-specific leptospiral gene lipL-32. Soil samples from all suspected infection sites tested showed detectable levels of pathogenic leptospiral DNA. More importantly, we demonstrated by viability qPCR that those pathogenic leptospires were viable and persisted in infection sites for several weeks after the index contamination event. Further, molecular phylogenetic analyses of the leptospiral lfb-1 gene successfully linked the identity of environmental Leptospira to the corresponding human-infecting strain.Conclusions/SignificanceAltogether, this study illustrates the potential of quantitative viability-PCR assay for the rapid detection of viable leptospires in environmental samples, which might open avenues to strategies aimed at assessing environmental risk.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The environmental determinants of disease transmission vary between places, and include climate change, extreme weather, land use, international trade, animal reservoirs, and farming practices. 4,10,11 It has become increasingly apparent that rainfall, cyclones, flooding, urbanization, and recreation are important emerging risk factors, 4,[12][13][14][15] that biodiversity might be protective, 16,17 and ecological changes can influence serovar emergence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis in American Samoa 2010: Epidemiology, Environmental Drivers, and the Management of Emergence

Lau

Dobson²,

Smythe³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Leptospirosis has recently been reported as an emerging disease worldwide, and a seroprevalence study was undertaken in American Samoa to better understand the drivers of transmission. Antibodies indicative of previous exposure to leptospirosis were found in 15.5% of 807 participants, predominantly against three serovars that were not previously known to occur in American Samoa. Questionnaires and geographic information systems data were used to assess behavioral factors and environmental determinants of disease transmission, and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with infection. Many statistically significant factors were consistent with previous studies, but we also showed a significant association with living at lower altitudes (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.28), and having higher numbers of piggeries around the home (OR ¼ 2.63, 95% CI: 1.52-4.40). Our findings support a multifaceted approach to combating the emergence of leptospirosis, including modification of individual behavior, but importantly also managing the evolving environmental drivers of risk.

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Outbreak of leptospirosis in New Caledonia: diagnosis issues and burden of disease

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

Social Cost of Leptospirosis Cases Attributed to the 2011 Disaster Striking Nova Friburgo, Brazil

Social Cost of Leptospirosis Cases Attributed to the 2011 Disaster Striking Nova Friburgo, Brazil

Seeking the environmental source of Leptospirosis reveals durable bacterial viability in river soils

Leptospirosis in American Samoa 2010: Epidemiology, Environmental Drivers, and the Management of Emergence

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