Outbreak of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 in pigs in Korea

Sh, Kim; Ok, Moon; Lee, KK; Yk, Song; Ci, Yeo; Cw, Bae; Yoon, Hachung; Lee, O-S.; Jh, Lee; Ck, Park

doi:10.1136/vr.c7464

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to this study, the severity of the histological lesions might be explained by the lack an immune response to a new virus type, as observed in other countries (Schnitzler & Schnitzler 2009, Marks & Canal 2010, Brookes & Brown 2011, Kim et al 2011. Collectively, these results suggest that SIV antigens detected by IHC could be better detected in the acute phase of the disease; speciϐically, there are more antigens during the ϐirst few hours or days of infection.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of swine with spontaneous influenza A infection in Brazil, 2009-2010

et al. 2012

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1148ença altamente contagiosa, de curso rápido e pronta recuperação, causada pelo vírus inϐluenza tipo A (SIV). Os principais sinais clínicos são tosse, febre, anorexia e baixo desenvolvimento. A doença está presente em outros países e, geralmente, está associada com outros agentes infecciosos. No Brasil, a primeira descrição ocorreu em 2011 e foi associada ao vírus H1N1 pandêmico (pH1N1). O principal objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as alterações histoló-gicas em casos de doença respiratória suína sugestiva de . It is a highly contagious disease with a rapid course and recovery. The major clinical signs and symptoms are cough, fever, anorexia and poor performance. The disease has been associated with other co-infections in many countries, but not in Brazil, where, however, the ϐirst outbreak has been reported in 2011. The main aim of this study was to characterize the histological features in association with the immunohistochemical (IHC) results for inϐluenza A (IA), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in lung samples from 60 pigs submitted to Setor de Patologia Veterinária at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brazil, during 2009-2010. All of these lung samples had changes characterized by interstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis, never observed previously in the evaluation of swine lungs in our laboratory routine. Pigs in this study had showed clinical signs of a respiratory infection. Swine samples originated from Rio Grande do Sul 31 (52%), Santa Catarina 14 (23%), Paraná 11 (18%), and Mato Grosso do Sul 4 (7%). Positive anti-IA IHC labelling was observed in 45% of the cases, which were associated with necrotizing bronchiolitis, atelectasis, purulent bronchopneumonia and hyperemia. Moreover, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, alveolar and bronchiolar polyp-like structures, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia and pleuritis were the signiϐicant features in negative anti-IA IHC, which were also associated with chronic lesions. There were only two cases with positive anti-PCV2 IHC and none to PRRSV. Therefore, SIV was the predominant infectious agent in the lung samples studied. The viral antigen is often absent due to the rapid progress of SI, which may explain the negative IHC results for IA (55%); therefore, IHC should be performed at the beginning of the disease. This study has shown how important a careful histological evaluation is for the diagnosis. Since 2009, a new histological feature of swine pneumonia in animals with respiratory clinical signs has been observed in samples from pigs with clinical respiratory disease submitted to SPV-UFRGS. In addition, the results proved the importance of histological evaluation for swine herd health management. Brazil, 2009Brazil, -2010 IS e estudar a associação dessas alterações com os resultados de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) anti-vírus da inϐluenza A (SIV), anti-circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) e anti-vírus da síndrome reprodutiva e respiratória (...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of swine with spontaneous influenza A infection in Brazil, 2009-2010

et al. 2012

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“…The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (pH1N1) was first identified among humans in March 2009 and generated the first pandemic of the 21st century 3. Since 2009, pH1N1 has become endemic in human populations globally and there have been numerous reports of human‐to‐swine transmission 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. Most of these reports, however, have focused on larger scale industrial farms,4, 7, 11, 18 as opposed to smaller scale backyard farms, despite the fact that large numbers of pigs are raised in backyard settings, particularly in developing countries, providing considerable opportunity for influenza virus transmission between humans and livestock 21, 22…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in humans and swine in backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru

Tinoco

Kasper

Nelson

et al. 2015

Influenza Resp Viruses

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ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the frequency of pH1N1 transmission between humans and swine on backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru.DesignTwo‐year serial cross‐sectional study comprising four sampling periods: March 2009 (pre‐pandemic), October 2009 (peak of the pandemic in Peru), April 2010 (1st post‐pandemic period), and October 2011 (2nd post‐pandemic period).SampleBackyard swine serum, tracheal swabs, and lung sample were collected during each sampling period.Main outcome measuresWe assessed current and past pH1N1 infection in swine through serological testing, virus culture, and RT‐PCR and compared the results with human incidence data from a population‐based active surveillance cohort study in Peru.ResultsAmong 1303 swine sampled, the antibody prevalence to pH1N1 was 0% pre‐pandemic, 8% at the peak of the human pandemic (October 2009), and 24% in April 2010 and 1% in October 2011 (post‐pandemic sampling periods). Trends in swine seropositivity paralleled those seen in humans in Tumbes. The pH1N1 virus was isolated from three pigs during the peak of the pandemic. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these viruses likely represent two separate human‐to‐swine transmission events in backyard farm settings.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that human‐to‐swine pH1N1 transmission occurred during the pandemic among backyard farms in Peru, emphasizing the importance of interspecies transmission in backyard pig populations. Continued surveillance for influenza viruses in backyard farms is warranted.

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“…The percentage of wild boars that were seropositive for SIV (1.2%) was lower than that of domestic pigs; previous studies showed that 51.2% of pigs in South Korea were seropositive for cH1N1, whereas 43.7% were positive for H3N2 and 8.7% were positive for A (H1N1) pdm09 [9, 11]. The reason for this is not clear; however, SIV may be endemic in densely populated pig herds [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The reason for this is not clear; however, SIV may be endemic in densely populated pig herds [11]. Therefore, the low level of seropositivity in Korean wild boars may simply be due to the fact that they live in smaller groups and the overall population density is low.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serological evidence for influenza virus infection in Korean wild boars

Cho

Lim

Jeoung

et al. 2015

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Serum samples from 1,011 wild boars hunted in 2012 were collected for serological surveillance for 4 subtypes (pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 and classical H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2) of swine influenza virus (SIV). Samples from 12 of the boars were identified as positive for SIV (pandemic A (H1N1) 2009, n=9; classical H1N1, n=2; and H1N2, n=1) by a hemagglutination inhibition test (HI test) and a nucleoprotein (NP)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NP-ELISA). Although the overall seroprevalence of SIV in the Korean wild boar population was somewhat low compared with that in China and the U.S.A., the apparent prevalence of pandemic H1N1 was notable. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the wild boar population is needed as it may be a major reservoir for pandemic H1N1, facilitating its spread to humans and domestic pigs.

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Outbreak of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 in pigs in Korea

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of swine with spontaneous influenza A infection in Brazil, 2009-2010

Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of swine with spontaneous influenza A infection in Brazil, 2009-2010

Transmission dynamics of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in humans and swine in backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru

Serological evidence for influenza virus infection in Korean wild boars

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