Outbreak of Paralytic Poliomyelitis, Taiwan

Kim-Farley, Robert; Lichfield, Paul; Orenstein, W. A.; Bart, Kenneth J.; Rutherford, George W; Hsu, S.T.D.; Schonberger, LawrenceB; Lui, Kung‐Jong; Lin, Chau-Ching

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90831-6

Cited by 71 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, the large numbers of acute poliomyelitis survivors worldwide cannot be ignored. The last outbreak of acute polio was in 1982, which resulted in a portion of infected patients developing symptoms of poliomyelitis to varying degrees [2], and eradication of the disease was achieved and recognized in Taiwan in 2000 [3]. An estimated several thousand patients are still managing the aftereffects of poliomyelitis in Taiwan currently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity profile of poliomyelitis survivors in a Chinese population: a population-based study

Kang¹,

Lin²

2011

J Neurol

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Previous reports of comorbid conditions in poliomyelitis survivors mainly focused on some disease categories, such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, psychiatric diseases, neurological diseases and cancer. Data regarding a wide spectrum of medical comorbidities in patients with poliomyelitis is still sparse. This study aimed to investigate and profile the wide range of comorbidities among the survivors of paralytic poliomyelitis in a Chinese population. In total, 2,032 paralytic poliomyelitis patients were selected as the study group and the comparison group consisted of 10,160 randomly selected enrollees. The comorbidities for analysis were based on a modified version of the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index. Conditional logistic regression analyses were computed to investigate the risk of comorbidities for these two groups. As compared to controls, patients with paralytic poliomyelitis had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, peripheral vascular disorder, stroke, paralysis, migraines, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, pulmonary circulation disorders, chronic pulmonary disease, liver disease, peptic ulcers, hepatitis B or C, deficiency anemias, depression, and lymphoma. Most of the differences are of clinical interest, ORs often being between 2 and 3. No significant difference between poliomyelitis patients and controls was observed in the prevalence of SLE, tuberculosis, alcohol abuse and drug abuse. Our findings demonstrate that survivors of paralytic poliomyelitis in Taiwan are at higher risk of having multiple medical comorbidities although some potential confounding factors including educational level, marital status, obesity and physical activity are not available in our database. The pattern is generally consistent with previous observations from Western populations. Nevertheless, we found several novel associations which have rarely, if ever, been reported previously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity profile of poliomyelitis survivors in a Chinese population: a population-based study

Kang¹,

Lin²

2011

J Neurol

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“…Auch Poliomyelitishäufungen sind nur vereinzelt mit Trinkwasser in Verbindung gebracht worden [6]. Beide Virusgruppen werden aber häufig, um nicht zu sagen regelmäßig, aus Abwasser sowohl nach Sedimentation als auch nach mechanisch/biologisch/chemischer Reinigung isoliert [7].…”

Section: Durch Trinkwasser üBertragbare Virenunclassified

Viren im Trinkwasser

Botzenhart

2007

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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Viruses in drinking water can cause infectious diseases. In the past, hepatitis A and E were the most frequently observed drinking- water-borne viral infections, but in recent years several small- and large-scale norovirus epidemics have been described, even in Europe. All virus species spread via drinking water are of fecal origin. They are regularly identified in waste water even after conventional multi-stage water treatment. The approved disinfection methods can cope with these viruses if they are not integrated in larger particles. For this reason particle separation is particularly important in water treatment. Virological tests are not reliable enough to ensure that drinking water is sufficiently virus-free. The examination of 100 mL of water for E. coli and coliform bacteria is not adequate proof either. If potentially contaminated raw water is used, consumer safety must be ensured by calculating the performance of water treatment plants on a case-by-case basis. Such a calculation takes into account the virus load of the raw water, the efficiency of the physical and chemical particle elimination steps and the effect of disinfection. Those factors which determine the effectiveness of disinfection, namely concentration and exposure time or UV radiation strength, must be adjusted according to the risk of viral infection, and calculated settings must be adhered to, even if favorable E. coli levels may make them seem excessive.

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“…The protective efficacy of OPV was evaluated w~h great accuracy by the CDC in Atlanta together with the Bureau of Disease Control and the National Institute of Preventive Medicine in Taiwan (Kim-Farley et al 1984). Taiwan had been free of major poliomyelitis outbreaks since 1975.…”

Section: Winning the War Against Paralytic Poliomyelitismentioning

confidence: 99%