Outbreak of Q fever in workers at a meat processing plant in Scotland, July 2006

Prempeh, H.; MacDonald, Neil

doi:10.2807/esw.11.34.03031-en

Cited by 22 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This appears to be consistent with HETE-II observations of short bursts (Donaghy et al 2006; Figures 2-5, 13, Table 7). An important distinction should be made between the short rise of soft emission and the longer tail.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We have considered all the short bursts reported by Swift from its launch (2004 November) until 2008 March; this constitutes a sample of 28 bursts. As noted by Donaghy et al (2006), prolonged soft emission in HETE II data is a rather reliable signature of SHBs, but, in the Swift data, there is large scatter in the luminosity of the XRTs relative to the γ -ray luminosity, and XRTs are not a reliable indicator for an SHB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…SHBs frequently display long XRTs that compare in duration to long XRFs. The discovery (e.g., Donaghy et al 2006;Norris & Bonnell 2006;Gehrels et al 2006) confirmed by Swift that short bursts have XRTs of much longer duration than the burst itself heightens the suspicion that the central engine continues to operate for longer than 2 s. Donaghy et al report that most SHBs observed with HETE II (which has a lower photon energy threshold than Swift) have long, soft tails, whereas the fraction of Swift SHBs is somewhat less, about half. We may interpret this as XRTs being slightly softer than XRFs and/or as Swift being more sensitive than HETE II to the short, hard phase of SHBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such a case, the GRB would appear long in duration, but of the "short" variety in other ways. Indeed, there are such bursts (e.g., 060614) that confound a simple two-class classification scheme (Donaghy et al 2006;Gehrels et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Universal Central Engine Hypothesis for Short and Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

Eichler

Guetta

Manis

2008

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is noted that X-ray tails of short, hard γ -ray bursts (SHBs) are similar to X-ray flashes. We suggest a universal central engine hypothesis, as a way of accounting for this curiosity, in which SHBs differ from long γ -ray bursts in prompt emission because of the differences in the host star and attendant differences in the environment they present to the compact central engine (as opposed to differences in the central engine itself). Observational constraints and implications are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Universal Central Engine Hypothesis for Short and Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

Eichler

Guetta

Manis

2008

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some studies have identified a higher human seroprevalence in healthy populations living in rural instead of urban areas and also in humans with occupations involving contact with livestock (Cyprus, Psaroulaki, 2006a;Greece, Pape, 2009b), whereas others have not (Spain, Cardenosa, 2006;Turkey, Kilic et al, 2008). A Q fever outbreak in a meat processing plant in Scotland has been reported (HPS, 2006;Donaghy et al, 2006). A Q fever outbreak in a meat processing plant in Scotland has been reported (HPS, 2006;Donaghy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Transmission and Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Q fever

More¹,

Stegeman²,

Rodolakis³

et al. 2010

EFSA Journal

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following a request from the European Commission, a scientific opinion was prepared by EFSA's Animal Health and Welfare Panel to determine the magnitude, distribution, impact and significance of infection and disease in domestic ruminants and humans, risk factors for the maintenance (in domestic ruminant populations) and spillover (from these populations to humans) of Coxiella burnetii (the causative agent of Q fever), and control options in domestic ruminant populations. A range of approaches were used, including an assessment of monitoring/surveillance data, the development of a simple conceptual model, a critical review of available literature, and several country case studies. Control options for C. burnetii infection in small ruminants were qualitatively assessed. Infection is endemic in domestic ruminants in most, if not all, EU member states, however, disease is rare and impact is limited. In the EU, Q fever is a zoonotic disease with limited public health impact, except under certain epidemiological circumstances and for particular risk groups. Human cases are often associated with proximity to small ruminants (particularly at parturition or during abortions) and dry, windy weather. Currently, there is no clear evidence of an association between bacterial genotypes/isolates and virulence. A number of longer-term options to control C. burnetii infection in domestic ruminants were identified; these should be considered in those situations where the public health risk is considered unacceptable. Some additional options were not considered sustainable for long-term control, but may have a role in the face of an outbreak. Persistent environmental contamination may confound animal-based control efforts. Vaccination should be considered a longterm control option, noting that effectiveness may not be observed in the short-term. Antibiotic treatment of animals is not recommended. There is no conclusive evidence that the consumption of milk and milk products containing C. burnetii has resulted in clinical Q fever in humans. (ECDC) and the EFSA staff members Ana Afonso, Milen Georgiev and Jane Richardson for the support provided to this EFSA scientific output. Thank you also for the valuable information made available by the Zoonoses task force, the EFSA Animal Health and Welfare network, Prof. S. Martinov and I. Yordanov.This opinion was the result of a fruitful collaboration with ECDC in relation to public health aspects. The BIOHAZ Panel wishes to thank the EFSA staff member Bart Goossens for the support provided to Chapter 4 of this EFSA scientific output. Q fever 2 EFSA Journal 2010; 8 (5):1595 SUMMARYThe recent developments in the EU, especially the increase in confirmed human cases of Q fever in the Netherlands, call for special consideration as regards the risks posed by Q fever for humans and animals. The European Commission requested further scientific advice and risk assessment, as regards Q fever in animals. The mandate posed three questions:to assess the significance of the occurrence of Q fever in the ...

show abstract

Seroprevlance of Coxiella burnetii among abattoir and slaughterhouse workers: A meta-analysis

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Q fever caused by the gram negative bacteria, Coxiella burnetii, is an occupational hazard for those who live and work in rural settings and those who are in contact with animals, especially abattoir and slaughterhouse workers. Australia is the only country to register a vaccine to prevent Q fever (Q-vax®, Seqirus, Australia) that is used in high risk populations. Seroprevalence studies conducted to determine the burden of Q fever (C. burnetii infection) in different settings have demonstrated high levels of heterogeneity with estimates of the percent positive ranging from 30% to 70%. There is a need for a more systematic evaluation of the findings of these studies in order to provide summary estimates of the seroprevalence in different settings.We searched for published articles using PubMed, MEDLINE-EMBASE, and Scopus databases using search terms obtained from an initial review of published reports of recent Q fever outbreaks. Data on the seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection (Q fever) was extracted from the selected studies and a random effects meta-analysis was performed with stratification by outbreak status, year, country and serological techniques used. Results were visualised with a forest plot with 95% CI and measures of heterogeneity (I2) for the random effects model.A total of 19 articles that met the search criteria were included. The reported seroprevalence rate ranged from 4.7% to 91.7% among abattoir and slaughterhouse workers. No inter-group heterogeneity was observed (p = 0.956), supporting the pooling of all studies into one pooled measure. The pooled estimate of seropositivity for C. burnetii infection in people working in abattoirs and slaughterhouses was 26% (95% CI: 18–35%) regardless of the evidence of an “outbreak”, the time of year or country. Seropositivity for C burnetii was independent of a person's age and years of occupational experience. Within abattoirs and slaughterhouses, slaughtering of cattle, sheep and goats are the most important risk factors associated with seropositivity and for those who showed over symptoms upon infection.We recommend that vaccination programmes are directed towards people employed in the meat processing industry to mitigate the significant health and economic impacts of Q fever.

show abstract

Outbreak of Q fever in workers at a meat processing plant in Scotland, July 2006

Abstract: On 9 July 2006, local public health authorities became aware of an increase of influenza-like illness in people who worked at a meat processing plant where cattle and sheep were slaughtered

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

A Universal Central Engine Hypothesis for Short and Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

A Universal Central Engine Hypothesis for Short and Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

Scientific Opinion on Q fever

Seroprevlance of Coxiella burnetii among abattoir and slaughterhouse workers: A meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About