Outbreak of Salmonella abortus equi abortion in embryo recipient polo mares

Buigues, S.; Ivanissevich, A.; Vissani, M.A.; Viglierchio, V.; Minatel, Leonardo; Crespo, F.; Herrera, Mariana; Timoney, Peter J.; Barrandeguy, María Eugenia

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.150

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…1 The disease was first described in 1893 in the United States. 12 Although the disease had virtually disappeared by the 1950s in the United States, 12 it has been reported sporadically in Italy, 6 Croatia, 15 and Argentina 5,7 since the 1970s. The disease has been more frequently confirmed in Japan.…”

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“…17 It is therefore difficult to specify the source of outbreaks. 5,15 In addition, the epidemiology and ecology of S. Abortusequi are not yet well understood, even though this pathogen was first studied in the 1890s. 12 In this report, we present some interesting results regarding the site of carriage of S. Abortusequi in horses, with the results being obtained from an investigation of the pathology and etiology of an outbreak of S. Abortusequi infection in a nonendemic area of Japan.…”

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Aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery as a site of carriage of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi in the horse

et al. 2016

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Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi is a pathogen restricted to horses. Our investigation targeted 4 draft horses (9-10 months old) kept on a Japanese farm that had suffered an outbreak of S. Abortusequi abortion. The 4 horses were suspected to be carriers of the bacterium owing to their high agglutination titers (≥1:2,560) in tube agglutination testing. The owners' on-farm observations confirmed that the horses had no apparent abnormalities, and S. Abortusequi was not isolated from their blood, rectal swabs, or sternal bone marrow fluid at antemortem investigation. However, at autopsy, all horses displayed the following: suppurative aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery with heavy infection with Strongylus vulgaris larvae; heavy intestinal parasitic infection with Gasterophilus intestinalis, Parascaris equorum, Anoplocephala perfoliata, and S. vulgaris; and enlargement of the systemic lymph nodes. In each case, large numbers of S. Abortusequi were isolated from the anterior mesenteric artery thrombus. The thrombus isolates harbored a single virulence plasmid, and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the isolates were identical not only to each other but also to those of Japanese enzootic strains of S. Abortusequi. These results reveal that parasitic aneurysms of the cranial mesenteric artery should be considered an important possible site of carriage of S. Abortusequi in horses. The results also suggest high clonality of the isolated serovar in the horse population in Japan.

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Aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery as a site of carriage of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi in the horse

et al. 2016

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“…Equine abortus salmonellosis was frst described in 1893 in the United States. Although abortion caused by S. Abortusequi has been well controlled in the United States due to the strict breeding and health policies adopted in the 1950s, it has been frequently reported in Italy [10,11], Croatia [8,12], Argentina [13,14], and Japan [6,15,16]. During the 1970s and 1980s, equine abortus salmonellosis was also commonly reported in China.…”

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Development and Application of an iELISA for the Detection of Antibody against Salmonella Abortusequi

Guo

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Equine abortus salmonellosis is a bacterial disease that causes high abortion rates in susceptible equids and therefore significant economic losses. Although the tube agglutination test (TAT) is a commonly used serological test for S. Abortusequi, it is not highly specific or sensitive, and the development of more sensitive, specific and rapid assays is therefore urgently required. In this study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was developed for the specific detection of flagellum protein (FljB) antibodies against S. Abortusequi. Negative sera from horses in China (n = 1030) were used to establish the baseline for a negative population, and reference antisera positive against other viruses or bacteria were used to test the cross reactivity of the technique. The performance of the FljB iELISA was evaluated against that of the standard TAT, and was tested using field serum samples. The FljB iELISA assay was 8–16 times more sensitive than TAT. ROC analysis showed that the FljB iELISA was accurate, with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9943 (95% CI, 0.9815–1.000). The diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) of the FljB iELISA was 98.9% (95% Cl, 93.84%–100.00%), which was higher than that of TAT (DSe 38.6; 95% CI, 29.14%–49.08%). The diagnostic specificity (DSp) of the iELISA was 100.0% (95% CI, 95.82%–100.0%). When the 508 clinical samples were tested, the FljB iELISA had a positive detection rate of 51.38% (261/508, 95% CI, 51.24%–51.51%), which was higher than that of TAT (44/508). We also performed a serological survey for S. Abortusequi infection, using a series of samples collected from across eighteen provinces of China in 2021. The results showed that all provinces except Jiangsu had a certain number of cases, and the positive rates ranged from 0% to 96.9%, indicating the wide spread of S. Abortusequi in China. The abovementioned results suggest that the FljB iELISA developed in this study is rapid, sensitive, specific, and repeatable and is likely to be a suitable test for large-scale serological surveys for the detection and control of S. Abortusequi infection.

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“…Between the 1950s and 1970s, mares with reproductive pathologies caused by S. Abortusequi were described in Argentina, the United States and several countries from Europe (Albania, Italy and Croatia), Asia (India and Japan) and Africa (Cameroon) [1][2][3][4][5]. The disease has been involved in abortion storms causing large economical loses in Argentina and Japan [3,[6][7][8]. Since 2011, equine paratyphoid abortion has been affecting Argentine equine industry as a re-emerging disease causing abortion storms involving large numbers of infected mares in short periods of time [6][7][8] and many foals were born infected and manifesting septic arthritis (Ivanissevich, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease has been involved in abortion storms causing large economical loses in Argentina and Japan . Since 2011, equine paratyphoid abortion has been affecting Argentine equine industry as a re‐emerging disease causing abortion storms involving large numbers of infected mares in short periods of time and many foals were born infected and manifesting septic arthritis (Ivanissevich, 2016). While the microorganism is considered as an eradicated pathogen in the United States, its isolation in Europe seems to be sporadic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic diversity of Salmonella ser. Abortusequi isolates from Argentina

Bustos

Moroni²,

Caffer³

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi (S. Abortusequi) is a serotype restricted to equines, which produces abortion outbreaks. Nowadays the disease is being reported in different countries including Argentina thus generating an important impact in the equine industry. Molecular characterization of the 95 kb virulence plasmid and the spvC gene of S. Abortusequi demonstrated their importance in the pathogenicity of the serotype. In the last decades, high clonality of S. Abortusequi was identified in Japan, Mongolia and Croatia. Objectives The aim of this work was to characterize S. Abortusequi isolates obtained in Argentina between 2011 and 2016 by virulence‐gene profiling and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis. Study design Case report. Methods S. Abortusequi isolates were studied by virulence‐gene profiling and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis. Results Four virulence profiles and nine pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis pulsotypes were identified among the 27 isolates included in the study. Different strains were found in the same outbreak and/or farm suggesting the presence of different sources of infection or mutation of isolates. Main limitations The number of related and nonrelated strains. More isolates may be necessary for a more intensive study. Conclusions Most strains presented the same virulence profile, being positive for all the studied genes except gipA and sopE1, which are involved in intestinal virulence. Only few isolates showed different results in the same outbreak or farm. Unlike other studies, our results demonstrate a considerable diversity of S. Abortusequi pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis pulsotypes, which suggests that different sources of infection may be involved within the same outbreak.

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Outbreak of Salmonella abortus equi abortion in embryo recipient polo mares

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery as a site of carriage of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi in the horse

Aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery as a site of carriage of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi in the horse

Development and Application of an iELISA for the Detection of Antibody against Salmonella Abortusequi

Genotypic diversity of Salmonella ser. Abortusequi isolates from Argentina

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