Outbreak of upper respiratory disease in horses caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus ST-24

Lindahl, Susanne; Aspán, Anna; Båverud, Viveca; Paillot, Romain; Pringle, John; Rash, N.; Söderlund, Robert; Waller, Andrew S.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.006

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although S. equi spp. zooepidemicus is a part of the normal flora of the respiratory tract in horses and may be considered less pathogenic and not contagious, a recent report has found pathogenic strains causing outbreaks of strangles-like symptoms [27]. Indeed, the present case indicates that numerous horses in the herd were infected and showing signs of respiratory disease and, in this case, severe complications, although no diagnostic tests were performed at the farm to identify the pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Acquired Pulmonic Stenosis Due to a Compressing Intrathoracic Abscess in a Thoroughbred Yearling

Laursen

Galen

Wolf-Jäckel

et al. 2015

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Acquired Pulmonic Stenosis Due to a Compressing Intrathoracic Abscess in a Thoroughbred Yearling

Laursen

Galen

Wolf-Jäckel

et al. 2015

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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“…Indeed, individual strains are themselves capable of infecting multiple hosts, and zoonotic transmission, for example from an infected dog to a veterinary nurse, has been demonstrated (Abbott et al, 2010). S. zooepidemicus persists in the tonsils or on the mucosal surfaces of recovered horses in the face of a mature immune response, increasing the likelihood of onward transmission (Lindahl et al, 2013). Therefore, the ability of S. zooepidemicus to modulate its surface is likely to be essential to its long-term survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is the most frequently isolated opportunistic pathogen of horses, associated with respiratory disease in young horses (Lindahl et al, 2013;Velineni et al, 2014;Wood et al, 1993Wood et al, , 2005 and uterine infections in mares (Hong et al, 1993;Rasmussen et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2003). The bacterium is also associated with disease in a wide range of other animal hosts including dogs (Abbott et al, 2010;Chalker et al, 2003;Pesavento et al, 2008) and humans (Abbott et al, 2010;Baiter et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PinR mediates the generation of reversible population diversity in Streptococcus zooepidemicus

et al. 2015

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“…In recent years, several outbreaks of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections have been reported in different countries (11,14,15).The main and conventional prevention and control measure for bacterial infections, including S. suis and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections, is treatment with antibiotics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, several outbreaks of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections have been reported in different countries (11,14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophage Lysin Ply30 Protects Mice from Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Infections

Tang

Wang

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus are capable of infecting humans and various animals, causing significant problems for the worldwide swine industry. As antibiotic resistance has increased, lysosomal enzymes encoded by phages have shown potential for use against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a novel bacteriophage lysin, Ply30, encoded by the S. suis prophage phi30c, was recombinantly expressed and purified. Ply30 showed high bacteriolysis activity on S. suis and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus in vitro. The ratio of the optical density at 600 nm (OD 600 ) with treatment versus the OD 600 with no treatment for most tested S. suis and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains decreased from 1 to <0.3 and <0.5, respectively, within 1 h. The results of plate viability assays showed that treated bacteria suffered a 1-to 2-log decrease in CFU within 1 h. The optimal concentration of Ply30 was 50 g/ml, and the optimal pH was 7. Moreover, Ply30 maintained high activity over a wide pH range (pH 6 to 10). The MICs of Ply30 against Streptococcus strains ranged from 16 to 512 g/ml. In vivo, a 2-mg dose of Ply30 protected 90% (9/10 mice) of mice from infection with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and 80% (8/10 mice) of mice from infection with S. suis. Seven days after lysin Ply30 treatment, bacterial loads were significantly decreased in all tested organs and blood compared with those at 1 h postinfection without Ply30 treatment. Ply30 showed in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial efficiency and protected mice against two kinds of bacterial infections, indicating that Ply30 may be an effective therapeutic against streptococci. Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus are emerging zoonotic, pathogenic, Gram-positive bacteria capable of infecting humans and various animals, such as horses, pigs, ruminants, guinea pigs, monkeys, cats, and dogs (1-3). S. suis can cause septicemia, arthritis, and meningitis in pigs (4). Liu et al. identified 33 serotypes (serotypes 1 to 31, 33, and 1/2) of S. suis according to the variation of capsular antigens (5, 6). Two outbreaks of S. suis have occurred in China. One was in Sichuan Province in July 2005, with 215 humans infected. The other was in Jiangsu Province, in 1998, and 25 humans were involved, 14 of whom died (7-9). By the end of 2012, 1,584 cases had been reported in the literature, most of which were associated with pigs and human infections (10). Besides S. suis, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus is another important pathogen that can cause upper respiratory tract disease in pigs and rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis in humans (11, 12). S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus shares Ͼ80% DNA sequence similarity and important virulence factors with Streptococcus pyogenes (13). The sequelae of S. pyogenes infections and the symptoms caused by S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus are also similar (12). In recent years, several outbreaks of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections have been reported in different countries (11,14,15).The main and conventional prev...

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Outbreak of upper respiratory disease in horses caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus ST-24

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Acquired Pulmonic Stenosis Due to a Compressing Intrathoracic Abscess in a Thoroughbred Yearling

Acquired Pulmonic Stenosis Due to a Compressing Intrathoracic Abscess in a Thoroughbred Yearling

PinR mediates the generation of reversible population diversity in Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Prophage Lysin Ply30 Protects Mice from Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Infections

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