Outbreak of West Nile Virus Infection, Volgograd Region, Russia, 1999

Platonov, Alexander E.; Шипулин, Г А; Shipulina, O. Yu.; Tyutyunnik, E N; Frolochkina, T I; Lanciotti, Robert S.; Yazyshina, S; Platonova, O. V.; Obukhov, I L; Zhukov, A. N.; Vengerov, Yu. Ya.; Pokrovskiĭ, V I

doi:10.3201/eid0701.010118

Cited by 274 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, the case fatality rate was 29% among patients aged 70 or older [5]. Similar findings were also reported from recent epidemics in Romania [6] and Russia [7]. Thus, there is significant morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Preparation and immunogenic properties of a recombinant West Nile subunit vaccine

Lieberman

Clements

Ogata

et al. 2007

Vaccine

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While several West Nile vaccines are being developed, none are yet available for humans. In this study aimed at developing a vaccine for humans, West Nile virus (WNV) envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) were produced in the Drosophila S2 cell expression system. The Cterminal 20% of the E protein, which contains the membrane anchor portion, was deleted, thus allowing for efficient secretion of the truncated protein (80E) into the cell culture medium. The proteins were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) using monoclonal antibodies that were flavivirus envelope protein group specific (for the 80E) or flavivirus NS1 group specific (for NS1). The purified proteins were produced in high yield and used in conjunction with adjuvant formulations to vaccinate mice. The mice were tested for both humoral and cellular immune responses by a plaque reduction neutralization test and ELISA, and by lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production assays, respectively. The results revealed that the 80E and the NS1 proteins induced both high-titered ELISA and neutralizing antibodies in mice. Splenocytes from immunized mice, cultured in vitro with the vaccine antigens as stimulants, showed excellent proliferation and production of cytokines . The level of antigen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production was comparable to the level obtained from mitogen (phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed) stimulation, indicating a robust cellular response as well. These findings are encouraging and warrant further in vivo studies to determine the protective efficacy of the WNV vaccine candidate.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Preparation and immunogenic properties of a recombinant West Nile subunit vaccine

Lieberman

Clements

Ogata

et al. 2007

Vaccine

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“…Until the appearance of the virus in the United States in 1999 (9), WNV was found mainly in the eastern hemisphere (10). Many seasonal outbreaks have been reported from Romania (11), Russia (12), and Israel (13), and more recent outbreaks were also reported from Italy (14) Turkey lies within an endemic geographic region for WNV infection. During the 2010 WNV season, a total of 47 human cases of WNV with 10 deaths (12 laboratoryconfirmed and 35 probable cases) were detected from 15 provinces, mainly located in the western part of Turkey, and the incidence was reported as 0.19 per 100,000 population (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of West Nile virus among healthy blood donors in the western part of Turkey

Biçeroğlu

Karataylı²,

Bayram³

et al. 2015

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: The West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus causing different forms of infection among humans, varying from asymptomatic illness to fetal central nervous system infection. Turkey lies within an endemic region for WNV. Transfusion of infected blood products is another well-documented major route of transmission. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of WNV viremia among a healthy donor population from the western part of the country. Materials and methods:A total of 438 healthy volunteer blood donors were included in the study. The presence of WNV RNA was investigated by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and anti-WNV IgG was detected by a commercial ELISA test.Results: Ages of volunteer donors were 18-62 years (mean: 34.7) and 34 (7.76%) were women. All samples were negative for WNV RNA by qRT-PCR. Eleven (2.51%) samples, 1 of which was borderline, were positive for anti-WNV IgG. All positive samples were from the western part of the country and 9 of them were from İzmir. Conclusion:Although all donor samples were negative for WNV RNA by qRT-PCR, the risk of WNV transmission via blood products should not be ignored in endemic regions.

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“…Since then, both sporadic cases and major outbreaks of WN fever in humans and equines have been reported in Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia (2), and many aspects of WN infection have been well documented elsewhere since the early 1950s (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). During the last 5 years, many reports about WN virus have been published (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: West Nile Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Outbreak in Horses in Southern France, 2000: The Return after 35 Years

Murgue

Murri

Zientara

et al. 2001

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

202

173

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Outbreak of West Nile Virus Infection, Volgograd Region, Russia, 1999

Cited by 274 publications

References 10 publications

Preparation and immunogenic properties of a recombinant West Nile subunit vaccine

Preparation and immunogenic properties of a recombinant West Nile subunit vaccine

Investigation of West Nile virus among healthy blood donors in the western part of Turkey

West Nile Outbreak in Horses in Southern France, 2000: The Return after 35 Years

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