Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in the Republic of Korea in 2003/04

Sh, Wee; Ck, Park; Hm, Nam; Ch, Kim; Yoon, Hachung; Sj, Kim; Es, Lee; By, Lee; Kim, Jae‐Hun; Jh, Lee; Kim, Chang Sung

doi:10.1136/vr.158.10.341

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A number of studies have also suggested that long-distance migration may lead to immunosuppression in birds and migratory performance is negatively affected by viral infections (19)(20)(21). However, it should be noted that HPAI H5N1 is rarely reported in living and healthy wild birds (22)(23)(24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza H5N1 viral and bird migration networks in Asia

Tian

Zhou

Dong

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

196

158

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The spatial spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and its long-term persistence in Asia have resulted in avian influenza panzootics and enormous economic losses in the poultry sector. However, an understanding of the regional long-distance transmission and seasonal patterns of the virus is still lacking. In this study, we present a phylogeographic approach to reconstruct the viral migration network. We show that within each wild fowl migratory flyway, the timing of H5N1 outbreaks and viral migrations are closely associated, but little viral transmission was observed between the flyways. The bird migration network is shown to better reflect the observed viral gene sequence data than other networks and contributes to seasonal H5N1 epidemics in local regions and its large-scale transmission along flyways. These findings have potentially far-reaching consequences, improving our understanding of how bird migration drives the periodic reemergence of H5N1 in Asia.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza H5N1 viral and bird migration networks in Asia

Tian

Zhou

Dong

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

196

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Virus transmission to humans has been reported, leading to fears of a new human pandemic stemming from reports of outbreaks of avian influenza around the world (Saito et al 2001;Gilbert et al 2006;Wee et al 2006). In general, avian influenza viruses do not replicate efficiently in humans, indicating that efficient direct transmission of avian viruses to humans would be an event as rare as human-to-human transmission (Beare & Webster 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key strategies for reducing spread of avian influenza among commercial poultry holdings: lessons for transmission to humans

et al. 2006

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Recent avian flu epidemics (A/H5N1) in Southeast Asia and case reports from around the world have led to fears of a human pandemic. Control of these outbreaks in birds would probably lead to reduced transmission of the avian virus to humans. This study presents a mathematical model based on stochastic farm-to-farm transmission that incorporates flock size and spatial contacts to evaluate the impact of control strategies. Fit to data from the recent epidemic in the Netherlands, we evaluate the efficacy of control strategies and forecast avian influenza dynamics. Our results identify high-risk areas of spread by mapping of the farm level reproductive number. Results suggest that an immediate depopulation of infected flocks following an accurate and quick diagnosis would have a greater impact than simply depopulating surrounding flocks. Understanding the relative importance of different control measures is essential for response planning.

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“…This diffusion process was underpinned by three distinct phases of outbreak activity. By way of illustration, the bar chart in Figure 3 Although measures to stamp out the disease were swiftly implemented by the Korean authorities (Wee et al 2006), the new year presented evidence that H5N1 was already widely distributed in other parts of the region. Figure 4 plots the monthly count of outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) as reported to OIE from the countries of Asia from December 2003 to February 2004.…”

Section: Global and World Regional Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geographical Spread of Avian Influenza A (H5N1): Panzootic Transmission (December 2003–May 2006), Pandemic Potential, and Implications

Smallman–Raynor

Cliff

2008

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that the advent of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has moved the world closer to a further global pandemic of human influenza than at any time since the Hong Kong (H3N2) pandemic of [1968][1969]. The immediacy of the perceived threat is underscored by the current classification of the world at Phase 3 of WHO's operative six-phase system of pandemic alert, with H5N1 having met all the prerequisites for the onset of a human pandemic but one: the efficient and sustained person-to-person transmission of the virus. With preparations for an anticipated pandemic now recognized as a global health priority, the purpose of this article is to provide a foundation for geographical research on avian influenza A (H5N1). The article introduces geographers to the complex nature and ecology of H5N1, the principal data sources available to analyze the global occurrence of the virus in birds and humans, and evidence regarding its geographical origins and international dispersal during the first thirty months of the ongoing panzootic in wild birds and poultry, from December 2003 through May 2006. Key epidemiological facets of the disease in humans are examined. We conclude with a review of the incurred and projected economic costs of H5N1, global plans for pandemic aversion and mitigation, and prospects for the future geographical expansion of the virus. Areas in which geographers can make an effective contribution to knowledge about the virus and the disease are considered. Key Words: avian influenza A (H5N1), diffusion, pandemic, panzootic.La Organización Mundial de la Salud (World Health Organization, WHO) cree que el advenimiento de la altamente patogénica gripe aviar A (H5N1) ha acercado al mundo hacia una pandemia de gripe humana más que en ninguna otraépoca desde la pandemia de Hong Kong (H3N2) de 1968 a 1969. La inmediatez de la amenaza percibida ha sido recalcada por la clasificación actual del mundo en la Fase 3 del sistema operativo de seis fases de alerta pandémica de la WHO, habiendo H5N1 cumplido todos los requisitos para el inicio de una pandemia humana, excepto uno: la eficiente y sostenida transmisión del virus de persona a persona. Con las preparaciones para una pandemia anticipada ahora reconocida como una prioridad global de salud, el propósito de este artículo es proporcionar una base para la investigación geográfica de la gripe aviar A (H5N1). El artículo presenta a los geógrafos la naturaleza y ecología complejas de H5N1, las principales fuentes de datos disponibles para analizar la ocurrencia global del virus en las aves y en los seres humanos, y la evidencia referente a sus orígenes geográficos y su dispersión internacional durante los primeros treinta meses transcurridos desde la panzootia en curso entre

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Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in the Republic of Korea in 2003/04

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Avian influenza H5N1 viral and bird migration networks in Asia

Avian influenza H5N1 viral and bird migration networks in Asia

Key strategies for reducing spread of avian influenza among commercial poultry holdings: lessons for transmission to humans

The Geographical Spread of Avian Influenza A (H5N1): Panzootic Transmission (December 2003–May 2006), Pandemic Potential, and Implications

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