Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Bello, M; Lukshi, Bala Musa; Sanusi, Mohammed

doi:10.3923/ijps.2008.450.456

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is because cattle egrets are often found in poultry farms (Fagbohun, 2000), grey-crown crane are kept as pets in many houses (Bello et al, 2008) and Fusaro et al (2009) earlier detected the introduction of a new strain of AIV into Nigeria from an apparently healthy duck in Pantami live bird market of Gombe state. It is known that ducks, geese and other water fowls are all Ansseriformes and are tagged as reservoirs of AIV (Webster et al, 2006;FAO 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of antibodies to avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses in wild birds in three states of Nigeria

Musa¹,

Abdullahi²,

Lawal³

et al. 2017

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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This study aimed at determining the possible exposure of wild birds to avian influenza (AI), infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) viruses. Apparently healthy species of free flying wild birds were captured using locally-made baited traps set at strategic watering and feeding locations and in poultry farms. Few species of captive wild birds in households and live bird markets (LBMs) were also sampled. Sera from blood samples collected were analyzed for antibodies to AI, IB and ND viruses using enzyme linked immunorsorbent assay (ELISA). Out of the 209 sera analysed, Bubulcus ibis was 24%, 70% and 27% while Psittacus erithacus was 7%, 21% and 7% positive for antibodies to AI, IB and ND viruses, respectively. Branta canadensis, was 35% and 64% positive for antibodies to AI and IB viruses. Balearica regulorum and Numidia maleagris were 100% and 9% positive to AI virus antibodies. Free flying birds were 19 (15%), 57 (45%) and 27 (21%) positive while captive wild birds were 11%, 20% and 14% positive to AI, IB and ND viruses antibodies, respectively. The results of this study confirm that wild birds were exposed to AI, IB and ND viruses. There was co-exposure of some wild bird species to AI, IB and ND viruses. These birds could possibly serve as carriers and disseminators of AI, IB and ND to poultry. Therefore, control measures against these important poultry diseases should include incursion of wild birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of antibodies to avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses in wild birds in three states of Nigeria

Musa¹,

Abdullahi²,

Lawal³

et al. 2017

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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“…This study assessed a known HPAI‐infected state (Bauchi) in 2006–2007 and HPAI‐free state (Gombe) as in December 2014 (NADIS ; Bello et al . ; Tesfai ). It was observed in this study that the knowledge of Newcastle disease in Bauchi (100%) and Gombe (84%) was very high, indicating that ND was probably the most encountered disease of poultry in these states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This state had outbreaks of HPAI in 2006 and 2007 (NADIS ; Bello et al . ; Tesfai ). Gombe state is located entirely in the Sudan savannah between longitude 10° 45′ and 11° 45′ N and latitude 11° 15′ and 9° 30′ E. The state has a total annual rainfall of 850–1000 mm and two hot months (March and April).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology and assessment of risk factors for the spread of avian influenza in birds in two Nigerian states

Waziri¹,

Abdu

Lawal

et al. 2017

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Despite modified stamping out eradication policy adopted in Nigeria, there was resurgence in 2015 of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 with greater infectivity. A survey of the risk of spread of HPAI in two HPAI‐infected and ‐uninfected Nigerian states were studied. A cross‐sectional study to detect avian influenza (AI) H5 antibodies was conducted using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 950 birds’ sera were tested for AI H5 antibodies. Questionnaires were also administered to evaluate risks of AI spread in two states of Nigeria in 2013. AI H5 seroprevalence of 3% and 5% were obtained in Bauchi and Gombe states, respectively. Free flying and captive wild birds had 15% and 11% seroprevalence, respectively. Ninety‐two per cent AI awareness and 90% preparedness to report outbreaks of poultry diseases were recorded. Veterinary personnel, radio and television contributed 87% to HPAI awareness. Of the 10 risk categories evaluated, Gombe state had 3 moderate and 1 high risk of AI virus spread. Bauchi state recorded 5 moderate and 1 high risk of AI virus spread. Chi‐square analysis showed associations of altitude, temperature, rainfall and presence of live bird markets (LBMs) (P < 0.05) to AI seroprevalence. Odds ratio at 95% CI (1.313–6.333) indicated LBMs presence to be three times more likely to influence AI occurrence. HPAI H5N1 resurged in many states and occurred for the first time in Gombe state in 2015. Veterinary personnel, radio and television may be reliable in changing farmers’ attitudes to adopt good biosecurity practices.

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“…This is very disturbing and may influence human infection [4]. Many studies have attributed the spread of H5N1 virus in Nigeria and Africa to: international and interstate poultry trade [4,5]; as a result of regional influx of wild birds [4]; presence of visitors on farm premises, purchase of live poultry and poultry products by farmers, and farm workers living outside the farm premises [6]. Many households practised poultry farming at home (backyard) thereby increasing the risk of transmission of the avian virus to humans [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiological analysis of spatially misaligned data: a case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreak in Nigeria

Adegboye

Kotzé

2013

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SummaryThis research is focused on the epidemiological analysis of the transmission of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus outbreak in Nigeria. The data included 145 outbreaks together with the locations of the infected farms and the date of confirmation of infection. In order to investigate the environmental conditions that favoured the transmission and spread of the virus, weather stations were realigned with the locations of the infected farms. The spatial KolmogorovSmirnov test for complete spatial randomness rejects the null hypothesis of constant intensity (P < 0·0001). Preliminary exploratory analysis showed an increase in the incidence of H5N1 virus at farms located at high altitude. Results from the Poisson log-linear conditional intensity function identified temperature (−0·9601) and wind speed (0·6239) as the ecological factors that influence the intensity of transmission of the H5N1 virus. The model also includes distance from the first outbreak (−0·9175) with an Akaike's Information Criterion of −103·87. Our analysis using a point process model showed that geographical heterogeneity, seasonal effects, temperature, wind as well as proximity to the first outbreak are very important components of spread and transmission of HPAI H5N1.

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Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Detection of antibodies to avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses in wild birds in three states of Nigeria

Detection of antibodies to avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses in wild birds in three states of Nigeria

Seroepidemiology and assessment of risk factors for the spread of avian influenza in birds in two Nigerian states

Epidemiological analysis of spatially misaligned data: a case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreak in Nigeria

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