Outbursting Young Stellar Object PGIR 20dci in the Perseus Arm

Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; De, Kishalay; Hankins, Matthew J.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Rebull, L. M.; Lau, Ryan M.; Cutri, R. M.; Ashley, M. C. B.; Karambelkar, Viraj; Moore, Anna; Travouillon, Tony; Mainzer, Amy

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abe406

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…A total of 44 large amplitude transients passed our selection criteria and human vetting. Eleven sources were determined to be active galactic nuclei known from prior surveys, three were classified as bright extragalactic supernovae (e.g., De et al 2020c; to be presented in G. Srinivasaragavan et al 2021, in preparation), seven sources were determined to be outbursts of young stellar objects (e.g., Hankins et al 2020, presented in Hillenbrand et al 2021and M. Hankins et al 2021 and one source was a previously known low mass X-ray binary in outburst (Hankins et al 2019). We identified two microlensing events using their characteristic photometric evolution (e.g., De et al 2019b;to be presented in P. Mroz et al 2021, in preparation) In particular, dwarf novae (Warner 1995) from cataclysmic variables bear striking photometric similarities to nova outbursts and represent a contaminant in this search.…”

Section: Confirmation and Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Population of Heavily Reddened, Optically Missed Novae from Palomar Gattini-IR: Constraints on the Galactic Nova Rate

Kasliwal

Hankins

et al. 2021

ApJ

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The nova rate in the Milky Way remains largely uncertain, despite its vital importance in constraining models of Galactic chemical evolution as well as understanding progenitor channels for Type Ia supernovae. The rate has been previously estimated to be in the range of ≈10-300 yr −1 , either based on extrapolations from a handful of very bright optical novae or the nova rates in nearby galaxies; both methods are subject to debatable assumptions. The total discovery rate of optical novae remains much smaller (≈5-10 yr −1 ) than these estimates, even with the advent of all-sky optical time-domain surveys. Here, we present a systematic sample of 12 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic novae detected in the first 17 months of Palomar Gattini-IR (PGIR), a wide-field near-infrared time-domain survey. Operating in the J band (≈1.2 μm), which is significantly less affected by dust extinction compared to optical bands, the extinction distribution of the PGIR sample is highly skewed to a large extinction values (>50% of events obscured by A V  5 mag). Using recent estimates for the distribution of Galactic mass and dust, we show that the extinction distribution of the PGIR sample is commensurate with dust models. The PGIR extinction distribution is inconsistent with that reported in previous optical searches (null-hypothesis probability <0.01%), suggesting that a large population of highly obscured novae have been systematically missed in previous optical searches. We perform the first quantitative simulation of a 3π time-domain survey to estimate the Galactic nova rate using PGIR, and derive a rate of » -+ 43.7 8.719.5 yr −1 . Our results suggest that all-sky near-infrared timedomain surveys are well poised to uncover the Galactic nova population.

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Section: Confirmation and Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Population of Heavily Reddened, Optically Missed Novae from Palomar Gattini-IR: Constraints on the Galactic Nova Rate

Kasliwal

Hankins

et al. 2021

ApJ

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“…We have extracted aperture photometry from K-band images of PGIR20dci in our data archive, using the same 2. ′′ 25 aperture radius as was used by Hillenbrand et al (2021) for their K s data point. The first image was obtained in 1990 as part of the K ′ filter imaging survey of star-forming regions by Hodapp (1994).…”

Section: Observations and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photometric calibration is based on a set of 25 2MASS (Skrutskie et al 2006) stars with perfect 2MASS photometry flags common to all the K-band images used here. Based on the color information near maximum by Hillenbrand et al (2021) and interpolation of the color corrections given by (Wainscoat & Cowie 1992) we correct the early K ′ photometry towards brighter values by subtracting 0.08 mag, and we correct the WFCAM photometry by adding 0.12 mag, so that the data shown in Fig. 1 and listed in Table 1 are effectively in the K s system.…”

Section: Observations and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FUor eruption of the Class I object PGIR20dci in the NGC281W star-forming region was recently discovered by Hillenbrand et al (2021) in the Palomar Gattini Infrared (PGIR) survey. Their near-infrared spectroscopy confirmed that this object is currently undergoing a FUor (Herbig 1977) outburst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…

We report a historic K s -band light curve spanning over three decades of the FUor PGIR20dci recently discovered by Hillenbrand et al (2021) . We find some minor variability of the object prior to the FUor outburst, an initial rather slow rise in brightness, followed in 2019 by a much steeper rise to the maximum.

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confidence: 99%

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The historic Ks light curve of the FUor PGIR20dci

Hodapp¹,

Dahm²,

Varricatt³

2022

Preprint

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The First Palomar Gattini-IR Catalog of J-band Light Curves: Construction and Public Data Release

Murakawa,

De,

Ashley

et al. 2024

PASP

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Palomar Gattini-IR (PGIR) is a wide-field, synoptic infrared time domain survey covering ≈15,000 sq. deg. of the accessible sky at ≈1–3 night cadence to a depth of J ≈ 13.0 and ≈14.9 Vega mag in and outside the Galactic plane, respectively. Here, we present the first data release of J-band light curves of Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) sources within the survey footprint covering approximately the first four years of operations. We describe the construction of the source catalog based on 2MASS point sources, followed by exposure filtering criteria and forced PSF photometry. The catalog contains light curves of ≈286 million unique sources with 2MASS magnitudes of J < 15.5 mag, with a total of ≈50 billion photometric measurements and ≈20 billion individual source detections at signal-to-noise-ratio > 3. We demonstrate the photometric fidelity of the catalog by (i) quantifying the magnitude-dependent accuracy and uncertainty of the photometry with respect to 2MASS and (ii) comparing against forced PGIR aperture photometry for known variable sources. We present simple filtering criteria for selecting reliable photometric measurements as well as example Python notebooks for users. This catalog is one of the largest compilation of nightly cadence, synoptic infrared light curves to date, comparable to those in the largest optical surveys, providing a stepping stone to upcoming infrared surveys in the coming decade.

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Outbursting Young Stellar Object PGIR 20dci in the Perseus Arm

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

A Population of Heavily Reddened, Optically Missed Novae from Palomar Gattini-IR: Constraints on the Galactic Nova Rate

A Population of Heavily Reddened, Optically Missed Novae from Palomar Gattini-IR: Constraints on the Galactic Nova Rate

The historic Ks light curve of the FUor PGIR20dci

The First Palomar Gattini-IR Catalog of J-band Light Curves: Construction and Public Data Release

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